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a Psychology
Department, b Department of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
Correspondence to: Dianne Sheppard, Psychology Department, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia 3168. Telephone 0061 3 990 53956; email Dianne.Sheppard{at}sci.monash.edu.au
Received 2 February
1998 and in revised form 30 April 1998;
Accepted 29 May
1998
OBJECTIVES
Deficits in
the maintenance of attention may underlie problems in attention deficit
hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Children with ADHD also show asymmetric
attention deficits in traditional lateralisation and visuospatial
orienting tasks, suggesting right hemispheric (and left hemispace)
attentional disturbance. This study aimed to examine the lateralisation
of selective attention in ADHD; specifically, the effect of a moving,
random dot background, and stimulant medication in the line bisection task.
METHODSThe
performance of children with ADHD, on and off methylphenidate, was
examined using a computerised horizontal line bisection task with
moving and blank backgrounds. Twenty children with a DSM-IV diagnosis
of ADHD participated with 20 controls, individually matched for age,
sex, grade at school, and IQ. Twelve of the 20 children with ADHD were
on stimulant medication at the time of testing. Horizontal lines of
varying length were presented in the centre of a computer screen, with
either a blank background, or a moving, random dot field. The random
dots moved either leftward or rightward across the screen at either 40 mm/s or 80 mm/s.
RESULTSThe children
with ADHD off medication bisected lines significantly further to the
right compared with controls, who showed a small leftward error.
Methylphenidate normalised the performance of the children with ADHD
for the task with the moving dots.
CONCLUSIONSThese
results support previous evidence for a right hemispheric hypoarousal
theory of attentional dysfunction, and are consistent with the emerging
picture of a lateralised dysfunction of frontostriatal circuitry in ADHD.
This article has been cited by other articles:
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  T. Sigi Hale, S. Bookheimer, J. J. McGough, J. M. Phillips, and J. T. McCracken Atypical Brain Activation During Simple & Complex Levels of Processing in Adult ADHD: An fMRI Study J Atten Disord, September 1, 2007; 11(2): 125 - 139. [Abstract] [PDF]
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M. H. S. Rolfe, M. Hausmann, and K. E. Waldie Hemispheric functioning in children with subtypes of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Atten Disord, August 1, 2006; 10(1): 20 - 27. [Abstract] [PDF]
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 S. Amitay, G. Ben-Yehudah, K. Banai, and M. Ahissar Disabled readers suffer from visual and auditory impairments but not from a specific magnocellular deficit Brain, October 1, 2002; 125(10): 2272 - 2285. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 N. J. Rinehart, J. L. Bradshaw, B. J. Tonge, A. V. Brereton, and M. A. Bellgrove A neurobehavioral examination of individuals with high-functioning autism and Asperger's disorder using a fronto-striatal model of dysfunction. Behav Cogn Neurosci Rev, June 1, 2002; 1(2): 164 - 177. [Abstract] [PDF]
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R. Hari, H. Renvall, and T. Tanskanen Left minineglect in dyslexic adults Brain, July 1, 2001; 124(7): 1373 - 1380. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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