NEUROSCIENCE FOR NEUROLOGISTS

Functional genomics and proteomics: application in neurosciences

K E Wilson¹, M M Ryan⁵, J E Prime², D P Pashby², P R Orange², G O’Beirne³, J G Whateley³, S Bahn⁴, C M Morris¹

¹ MRC Building, Newcastle General Hospital, Westgate Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
² Amersham Biosciences, Little Chalfont, Buckinghamshire, UK
³ Amersham Biosciences, Whitechurch, Cardiff, UK
⁴ Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
⁵ Department of Neurobiology, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK

Correspondence to:
Correspondence to:
Dr C M Morris
Institute of Human Genetics, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4BZ, UK; c.m.morris{at}ncl.ac.uk

The sequencing of the complete genome for many organisms, including man, has opened the door to the systematic understanding of how complex structures such as the brain integrate and function, not only in health but also in disease. This blueprint, however, means that the piecemeal analysis regimes of the past are being rapidly superseded by new methods that analyse not just tens of genes or proteins at any one time, but thousands, if not the entire repertoire of a cell population or tissue under investigation. Using the most appropriate method of analysis to maximise the available data therefore becomes vital if a complete picture is to be obtained of how a system or individual cell is affected by a treatment or disease. This review examines what methods are currently available for the large scale analysis of gene and protein expression, and what are their limitations.

Keywords: genomics; proteomics; DIGE; ICAT; microarray

Abbreviations: DD-PCR, differential display polymerase chain reaction; DIGE, difference gel electrophoresis; ESI, electrospray ionisation; ICAT, isotope coded affinity tagging; MALDI, matrix assisted laser desorption/ionisation; MGB, minor groove binder; PMF, peptide mass fingerprint; SAGE, serial analysis of gene expression; SELDI, surface enhanced laser desorption/ionisation; 2D-PAGE, two dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

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