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Maculopapular rash and tremor are associated with West Nile fever and neurological syndromes

¹ Provincial Laboratory for Public Health (Microbiology), Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
² Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
³ Centre for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
⁴ Provincial Laboratory for Public Health (Microbiology), Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

Correspondence to:
Correspondence to:
Dr P A G Tilley
Provincial Laboratory for Public Health (Microbiology) and Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, 3030 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4W4; p.tilley{at}provlab.ab.ca

ABSTRACT
The clinical features associated with West Nile virus (WNV) infections are described based on data collected from history forms submitted with samples during a province-wide WNV testing programme. Age 40–59 years (OR 1.7, p<0.008), residence in the southeast of Alberta (OR 4.2, p<0.001), maculopapular rash (OR 8.6, p<0.001) or tremor (OR 3.6, p<0.001) were independently associated with WNV infection.

Abbreviations: EIA, enzyme immunoassay; HI, haemagglutination inhibition; NAAT, nucleic acid amplification testing; PRNT, plaque reduction neutralisation test; ProvLab, Provincial Laboratory for Public Health; WNNS, West Nile neurological syndromes; WNV, West Nile virus