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One year changes in disability in multiple sclerosis: neurological examination compared with patient self report

¹ Department of Neurology, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
² Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU Medical Centre

Correspondence to:
Correspondence to:
Dr E L J Hoogervorst, Department of Neurology, VU Medical centre, Academisch Ziekenhuis Vrije Universiteit, Postbox 7057, Amsterdam 1007 MB, Netherlands;
e.hoogervorst@vumc.nl

Received 13 August 2002
In final revised form 21 December 2002

Keywords: disability; multiple sclerosis; Expanded Disability Status Scale; Guy’s Neurological Disability Scale

Abbreviations: MS, multiple sclerosis; EDSS, Expanded Disability Status Scale; GNDS, Guy’s Neurological Disability Scale

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.

The most common neurological outcome measure for multiple sclerosis (MS) patients is the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Originally, Kurtzke developed this disability status scale,¹ later revised to a more refined classification system, known as the EDSS.² The EDSS is based on a neurological examination of eight functional systems usually performed by a medical doctor. While problems of standardisation, resulting in suboptimal interrater reliability, marginal sensitivity to change and bias to locomotor function have been described^3–6 the EDSS remains a useful tool for classifying disability in MS patients.

In a longstanding invalidating neurological disease like MS where cure is not yet possible, disability as perceived by the patient is an important measure and for this purpose the Guy’s Neurological Disability Scale (GNDS)⁷ was recently developed. The GNDS measures disability based on patient self report, embraces the whole range of disabilities that can be encountered in the course of MS, is . . . [Full text of this article]

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