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Vascular cognitive impairment

Correspondence to:
Correspondence to:
Dr John V Bowler
Royal Free Hospital, Department of Neurology, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, UK; j.bowler@medsch.ucl.ac.uk

Keywords: vascular cognitive impairment; Alzheimer’s disease; vascular dementia; leukoaraiosis

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.

Alzheimer first describe vascular dementia (VaD) 111 years ago. Despite this, its history has been dogged by misconceptions and it is only in the past decade that our understanding has matured.

	HISTORICAL OVERVIEW

 
For the greater part of the 20th century dementia was routinely attributed to arteriosclerosis and consequent chronic cerebral ischaemia. This view changed with the increasing recognition of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and the demonstration that infarcts and not chronic ischaemia were the basis of what came to be termed multi-infarct dementia (MID). The term "vascular dementia" subsequently replaced MID as it was recognised that there were many different aetiologies apart from multiple infarcts. However, by the end of the 20th century, the increasingly recognised AD overshadowed VaD to the extent that some authors reported that MID was rare. Because AD was thought to be the major cause of dementia, its criteria became those applied to all dementia. AD was separated . . . [Full text of this article]

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