Evidence of CNS impairment in HIV infection: clinical, neuropsychological, EEG, and MRI/MRS study
- M J G Harrisona,
- S P Newmanb,
- M A Hall-Craggsc,
- C J Fowlera,
- R Millerd,
- B E Kendallc,
- M Paleyc,
- I Wilkinsonc,
- B Sweeneya,
- S Lunnb,
- S Cartera,
- I Williamsd
- aDepartment of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, bDepartment of Health Psychology, cDepartment of Radiology, dDepartment of Sexually Transmitted Diseases, University College London Hospital and Medical School, London, UK
- Professor MJG Harrison, The Middlesex Hospital, Mortimer Street, London, W1N 8AA, UK.
- Received 16 April 1997
- Revised 20 January 1998
- Accepted 17 February 1998
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify by clinical examination, EEG, MRI, and proton spectroscopy, and neuropsychological assessment the prevalence of signs of CNS involvement in patients infected with HIV, and to relate such findings to the evidence of immunosuppression.
METHODS The design was a cross sectional analysis of a cohort of male patients with infected HIV with an AIDS defining diagnosis or low CD4 count (<350), and seropositive asymptomatic subjects, both groups being followed up in a longitudinal study. Control groups consisted of seronegative subjects from the same genitourinary medicine clinics.
RESULTS This report sets out the cross sectional findings at the seventh visit in the longitudinal study. Patients with AIDS had more signs of neurological dysfunction, poorer performance on a neuropsychological test battery, were more likely to have an abnormal EEG, and to have abnormalities on MRI. They more often had cerebral atrophy, abnormal appearing white matter, , and abnormal relaxometry and spectroscopy. There was little evidence of abnormality in seropositive people who had a CD4 count >350 compared with seronegative people from a similar background.
CONCLUSIONS Detailed testing failed to disclose significant CNS impairment without immunosuppression in men infected with HIV. Findings from MRI and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) correlated with those of the neurological examination and neuropsychogical assessment. A combination of such assessments offers a simple surrogate for studies of CNS involvement in HIV disease.
