The use of electrophysiological monitoring in the intraoperative management of intracranial aneurysms
- aDepartment of Neurology, bDepartment of Neurosurgery, cThe Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Dr Jaime R Lopez, Department of Neurology, Stanford Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Telephone 001 650 723 1975; fax 001 650 725 7459; email ma.jrl{at}forsythe.stanford.edu
- Received 30 December 1998
- Revised 15 June 1998
- Accepted 13 July 1998
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) and brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) have been increasingly utilised during surgery for intracranial aneurysms to identify cerebral ischaemia. Between July 1994 and April 1996, we surgically treated 70 aneurysms in 49 consecutive patients (58 operations) with the aid of intraoperative evoked potential monitoring. This study sought to evaluate the usefulness of SSEP and BAEP monitoring during intracranial aneurysm surgery.
METHODS Mean patient age was 51.9 (range 18–79) years. The sizes of the aneurysms were 3–4 mm (15), 5–9 mm (26), 10–14 mm (11), 15–19 mm (seven), 20–24 mm (six), and >25 mm (five). SSEPs were monitored in 58 procedures (100%) and BAEPs in 15 (26%). The neurological status of the patients was evaluated before and after surgery.
RESULTS Thirteen of the 58 procedures (22%) monitored with SSEPs had SSEP changes (12 transient, one persistent); 45 (78%) had no SSEP changes. Three of 15 patients (20%) monitored with BAEPs had changes (two transient, one persistent); 12 (80%) had no BAEP changes. Of the 14 patients with transient SSEP or BAEP changes, these changes resolved with adjustment or removal of aneurysm clips (nine), elevating MAP (four), or retractor adjustment (one). Mean time from precipitating event to electrophysiological change was 8.9 minutes (range 3–32), and the mean time for recovery of potentials in patients with transient changes was 20.2 minutes (range 3–60). Clinical outcome was excellent in 39 patients, good in five, and poor in three (two patients died), and was largely related to pretreatment grade.
CONCLUSIONS SSEPs and BAEPs are useful in preventing clinical neurological injury during surgery for intracranial aneurysms and in predicting which patients will have unfavourable outcomes.
