Seizures and epilepsy in oncological practice: causes, course, mechanisms and treatment
- 1Department of Neurology, Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, India
- 2UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
- Correspondence to: Professor Ley Sander Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK; lsander{at}ion.ucl.ac.uk
- Received 6 September 2006
- Accepted 16 October 2006
- Revised 12 October 2006
Abstract
There are few data available on the causes and mechanistic basis, outcome and treatment of seizures and epilepsy in people with systemic cancer. Seizures and epilepsy in people with cancers other than primary brain tumours are reviewed here. Articles published in English, which discussed the neurological manifestations and complications of cancer and its treatment, were searched and information on the frequency, aetiology, and course of seizures and epilepsy was extracted. The frequency, aetiology and outcome of seizure disorders in patients with cancer differ from those in the general population. Intracranial metastasis, cancer drugs and metabolic disturbances are the most common causes. Infections, cerebrovascular complications of systemic cancer and paraneoplastic disorders are among the rarer causes of seizures in patients with neoplasms. Several drugs used in the treatment of cancer, or complications arising from their use, can trigger seizures through varied mechanisms. Most drug-induced seizures are provoked and do not require long-term treatment with antiepileptic drugs.
- BMT, bone marrow transplantation
- CNS, central nervous system
- EEG, electroencephalograph
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- 5-FU, 5-fluorouracil
- MUD, matched unrelated donor
Footnotes
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Funding: A Commonwealth Fellowship supported GS.
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Competing interests: GS has received travel support and research grants from Janssen Cilag, Sanofi-Aventis and Pfizer. JHR has received research support from UCB Pharma. JWS has received honoraria, research and travel grants from Novartis, Pfizer, UCB, Eisai, Schwarz Pharma, Janssen-Cilag, Sanofi-Aventis and GSK.
