Risk profiles for mild cognitive impairment and progression to dementia are gender specific
- S Artero1,2,
- M-L Ancelin1,2,
- F Portet1,2,
- A Dupuy1,2,
- C Berr1,2,
- J-F Dartigues3,4,
- C Tzourio5,6,
- O Rouaud5,6,
- M Poncet7,
- F Pasquier8,9,
- S Auriacombe3,4,
- J Touchon1,2,
- K Ritchie1,2
- 1Inserm, U888, Montpellier, France
- 2Université de Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France
- 3Inserm, U593, Bordeaux, France
- 4Université Victor Ségalen Bordeaux 2, Département de Neurologie, Bordeaux, France
- 5Inserm, U708, Paris, France
- 6Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France
- 7Hôpital de la Timone, Département de Neurologie et Neuropsychologie, Marseille, France
- 8Université de Lille, EA 2691, Lille, France
- 9CHU de Lille, Département de Neurology, Lille, France
- Dr K Ritchie, Inserm U888 Nervous System Pathologies: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, La Colombière Hospital, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; karen.ritchie{at}inserm.fr
- Received 9 October 2007
- Revised 20 February 2008
- Accepted 26 February 2008
- Published Online First 1 May 2008
Abstract
Objective: To examine risk factors for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and progression to dementia in a prospective community-based study of subjects aged 65 years and over.
Methods: 6892 participants who were over 65 and without dementia were recruited from a population-based cohort in three French cities. Cognitive performance, clinical diagnosis of dementia, and clinical and environmental risk factors were evaluated at baseline and 2-year and 4-year follow-ups.
Results: 42% of the population were classified as having MCI at baseline. After adjustment for confounding with logistic regression models, men and women classified as having MCI were more likely to have depressive symptomatology and to be taking anticholinergic drugs. Men were also more likely to have a higher body mass index, diabetes and stroke, whereas women were more likely to have poor subjective health, to be disabled, to be socially isolated, and to suffer from insomnia. The principal adjusted risk factors for men for progression from MCI to dementia in descending order were ApoE4 allele (OR = 3.2, 95% CI 1.7 to 5.7), stroke (OR = 2.8, 95% CI 1.2 to 6.9), low level of education (OR = 2.3, 95% CI 1.3 to 4.1), loss of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) (OR = 2.2, 95% CI 1.1 to 4.5) and age (OR = 1.2, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.2). In women, progression is best predicted by IADL loss (OR = 3.5, 95% CI 2.1 to 5.9), ApoE4 allele (OR = 2.3, 95% CI 1.4 to 4.0), low level of education (OR = 2.2, 95% CI 1.3 to 3.6), subclinical depression (OR = 2.0, 95% CI 1.1 to 3.6), use of anticholinergic drugs (OR = 1.8, 95% CI 1.0 to 3.0) and age (OR = 1.1, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.2).
Conclusions: Men and women have different risk profiles for both MCI and progression to dementia. Intervention programmes should focus principally on risk of stroke in men and depressive symptomatology and use of anticholinergic medication in women.
Footnotes
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Competing interests: None.
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Funding: The 3C Study is conducted under a partnership agreement between Inserm, the Victor Segalen–Bordeaux II University and Sanofi-Synthélabo. The Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale funded the preparation and first phase of the study. The 3C Study is also supported by the Caisse Nationale Maladie des Travailleurs Salariés, Direction Générale de la Santé, MGEN, the Institut de la Longévité, Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Produits de Santé, the Regional Governments of Aquitaine, Bourgogne and Languedoc-Roussillon and the Fondation de France, the Ministry of Research-Inserm Programme “Cohorts and collection of biological material”. The Lille Génopôle received an unconditional grant from Eisai.
