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Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterised by encephalopathy and other neurological manifestations. ADEM is a heterogeneous syndrome predominantly found in the paediatric population. ADEM usually takes a monophasic course, but some patients have a relapsing disease. Patients diagnosed with ADEM have multifocal CNS lesions including of the spinal cord and/or optic nerves. Therefore, ADEM should be distinguished from other diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD). …
Footnotes
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Contributors TM drafted the original manuscript. DKS, IN and KF added comments. TM, DKS and KF negotiated to finalise the last draft for submission.
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Funding This work was supported in part by grants-in-aid for scientific research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology and the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan (No. 24591247).
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Competing interests None.
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Provenance and peer review Commissioned; internally peer reviewed.