TY - JOUR T1 - In vivo assessment of cortical circuitry in CADASIL – a novel biomarker? JF - Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry JO - J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry SP - 241 LP - 241 DO - 10.1136/jnnp-2012-304298 VL - 84 IS - 3 AU - Vincenzo Di Lazzaro Y1 - 2013/03/01 UR - http://jnnp.bmj.com/content/84/3/241.abstract N2 - Non-invasive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the human cerebral cortex, particularly the motor areas, has now been developed to the stage at which it is possible to evaluate in vivo glutamatergic, cholinergic and GABAergic circuits of the human brain.1 In addition, repetitive stimulation with TMS produces long-lasting changes in the excitability of central motor circuits that are thought to be caused by early stages of synaptic long-term potentiation/depression, thus providing for the first time the opportunity to explore plasticity in the conscious human brain.2 ,3 The TMS paradigm termed short latency afferent inhibition (SAI), based on coupling peripheral nerve stimulation with cortical TMS, provides information on central cholinergic circuits: SAI is abolished by anticholinergic drugs in healthy subjects,4 is reduced in cholinergic forms … ER -