Neuropsychological findings (mean (SD))
| AD without LA group | AD with LA group | |
|---|---|---|
| Mini-mental state exam (mean score) | 20.4 (5.4) | 20.5 (4.7) |
| Buschke selective reminding test delayed | 2.1 (2.2) | 3.1 (2.6) |
| Benton visual retention test | 5.7 (2.2) | 4.9 (1.3) |
| Token test | 18.6 (4.6) | 18.2 (4.9) |
| Boston naming test | 14.5 (3.9) | 12.7 (4.4) |
| Wisconsin card sorting test: | ||
| Categories | 2.6 (2.3) | 1.2 (1.4) |
| Errors | 32.2 (20.2) | 45.5 (13.0) |
| Perseverations | 23.8 (21.6) | 29.8 (19.5) |
| Oral word controlled association test | 29.7 (10.0) | 27.0 (9.3) |
| Raven’s progressive matrices (percentile) | 37.6 (33.0) | 20.0 (26.9) |
| Digits forward | 5.2 (1.0) | 4.3 (1.8) |
| Digits backward | 3.0 (1.3) | 2.3 (1.6) |
| Block design | 3.2 (2.4) | 2.0 (2.0) |
| Similarities | 10.9 (6.9) | 7.0 (6.7) |
AD=Alzheimer’s disease; LA=leukoaraiosis.