Comparison of non-timed variables before (off) and after (on) administration of oral levodopa and subcutaneous apomorphine for three bolus consistencies
| Semisolids | Thin fluids | Solids | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Levodopa | Apomorphine | Levodopa | Apomorphine | Levodopa | Apomorphine | ||||||||||||
| Off | On | Off | On | Off | On | Off | On | Off | On | Off | On | ||||||
| Aspiration: | |||||||||||||||||
| None | 15 | 14 | 15 | 13 | 15 | 14 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 14 | 14 | 13 | |||||
| Mild | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Moderate to severe | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |||||
| Laryngeal penetration: | |||||||||||||||||
| None | 15 | 14 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 15 | 15 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 13 | |||||
| Mild | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | |||||
| Moderate to severe | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
| Vallecular pooling: | |||||||||||||||||
| None | 4 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1* | |||||
| Mild | 9 | 7 | 10 | 8 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 11 | 7 | 5 | 10 | |||||
| Moderate to severe | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 7 | 9 | 4 | |||||
| Swallows to clear pharynx (mean) | 2.7 | 2.5 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.8 | 2.8 | 3.1 | 2.9 | 3.8 | 3.1* | 3.4 | 2.5 | |||||
| Number of tongue elevations (mean) | 1.8 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 2 | 8 | 4.8 | 5.1 | 5.1 | |||||
| Place of bolus: | |||||||||||||||||
| Anterior to velum | 5 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 7 | 7* | 6 | 2* | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3* | |||||
| Velum to valleculae | 4 | 8 | 7 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 8 | 10 | 11 | 10 | 7 | |||||
| Subepiglottic | 6 | 4 | 5 | 8 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 5 | |||||
*P<0.05.
Results expressed as the number of patients in each category except where mean is specified. See text for definitions of criteria.