Test scores of non-malingering and malingering patients after whiplash, patients with closed head injury, and normal controls
| Whiplash non-malingering (n=65) group 1 | Whiplash malingering (n=43) group 2 | Closed head injury (n=20) group 3 | Normal controls (n=46) group 4 | Scheffé p value <0.05 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fluency animals | 55.0 (9.8) | 49.0 (10.2) | 51.2 (9.2) | 56.2 (6.6) | ** | 2<1<4 |
| Professions | 53.6 (9.9) | 48.5 (8.8) | 50.6 (8.0) | 54.4 (8.0) | 2-150 | |
| WAIS substitution | 57.9 (10.3) | 49.5 (13.0) | 50.7 (10.7) | 64.0 (8.8) | *** | 2,3<1<4 |
| Stroop card 1 | 47 (13) | 59 (30) | 51 (11) | 41 (6) | ** | 2>1,4 3>4 |
| Stroop card 2 | 63 (17) | 78 (32) | 68 (17) | 54 (7) | *** | 2>1,4 3>4 |
| Stroop card 3 | 99 (30) | 140 (83) | 112 (38) | 86 (17) | *** | 2>1,4 |
| Trail making A | 35 (13) | 50 (28) | 40 (19) | 30 (10) | ** | 2>1,4 |
| Trail making B | 69 (23) | 114 (57) | 88 (45) | 60 (22) | *** | 2>1,4 3>4 |
| AVLT learning | 48.6 (8.8) | 37.7 (8.8) | 37.6 (11.0) | 54.9 (8.2) | *** | 2,3<1<4 |
| AVLT recall | 10.6 (2.8) | 6.7 (3.0) | 7.0 (4.0) | 12.3 (2.5) | *** | 2,3<1<4 |
| AVLT recognition | 28.4 (2.7) | 25.2 (3.4) | 26.8 (3.4) | 29.7 (0.9) | *** | 2,3<1<4 |
| Logical memory | 9.8 (3.6) | 7.9 (3.1) | 8.1 (2.6) | 11.9 (1.5) | *** | 2<1 1,2,3<4 |
| Logical memory recall | 8.3 (3.9) | 5.8 (2.9) | 5.8 (3.2) | 10.1 (1.7) | *** | 2,3<1<4 |
↵2-150 p⩽ 0.01, **p⩽ 0.001, ***p⩽ 0.0001 (2 tailed). Values are mean (SD).
AVLT=auditory verbal learning test. All group differences were tested by ANOVA with Scheffé post hoc analyses, except AVLT recognition which was tested by Kruskal-Wallis test (with subgroup comparisons by Mann-Whitney U test).