Table 1

Mean (SD) for selected clinical variables by group

VariableYoung adult controls (n=62)Independent living retirees (n=45)Probable AD (n=45)AD cases with MMSE constructional errors (n=19)AD cases without MMSE constructional errors (n=26)
Age (y)24.4 (4.3)76.0 (11.6)1-150 75.8 (8.5)1-150 73.8 (9.2)1-150 76.5 (7.9)1-150
Education (y)14.6 (1.2)14.9 (2.2)12.7 (2.8)1-150 1-165 13.4 (2.1)1-150 1-165 12.2 (3.1)1-150 1-165
EXIT254.2 (2.2)8.8 (3.7)1-150 26.8 (7.5)1-150 1-165 31.1 (6.9)1-150 1-165 23.7 (6.3)1-165 1-161 ‡
MMSE29.3 (0.9)29.1 (1.3)16.4 (6.9)1-150 1-165 12.0 (6.7)1-150 1-165 19.7 (5.0)1-165 1-161 ‡
CLOX113.2 (1.6)12.1 (2.6)1-150 4.6 (4.5)1-150 1-165 2.1 (3.3)1-150 1-165 6.5 (4.4)1-165 1-161 ‡
CLOX214.2 (1.2)14.2 (1.0)8.3 (5.3)1-150 1-165 3.4 (3.9)1-150 1-165 12.0 (2.4)1-165 1-161 ‡

  • AD=Alzheimer’s disease.

  • ↵1-150 P<0.05 v young adults.

  • ↵1-165 P<0.001 v well elderly cases.

  • ↵1-161 ‡P<0.001 v patients with AD with MMSE constructional impairment.