Table 2

Abnormal electrophysiological findings in 43 patients with clinical signs of acute peripheral vestibulopathy

No and aetiology	Age	Sex	SN	Caloric testing		VP DP	Electrophysiological abnormalities
1	66	F	9°/s L	R_W 7°/s L	L_W 23°/s L	100% R	MassR	R 10.3 ms
Ischaemia				R_C 9°/s L	L_C 4°/s R	81% L		L 8.5 ms
2	58	M	5°/s L	R_W 5°/s R	L_W 19°/s L	45% R	MassR	R 9.9 → 8.7ms
Ischaemia				R_C 7°/s L	L_C 13°/s R	18% L		L 8.0 → 8.1 ms
3	61	M	0	R_W 8°/s R	L_W 25°/s L	59% R	MassR	R 9.5 → 8.5 ms
Ischaemia				R_C 0	L_C 6°/s R	28% L		L 8.4 → 8.3 ms
4	65	F	4°/s L	R_W 4°/s L	L_W 21°/s L	81% R	MassR	R 9.4 ms
Ischaemia				R_C 7°/s L	L_C 7°/s R	64% L		L 8.7 ms
5	48	F	5°/s L	R_W 3°/s L	L_W 27°/s L	100% R	MassR	R 9.3 → 8.5 ms
Undetermined				R_C 5°/s L	L_C 5°/s R	75% L		L 8.4 → 8.4 ms
6	82	M	6°/s R	R_W 19°/s R	L_W 4°/s R	100% L	MassR	R 8.4 ms
Ischaemia				R_C 9°/S L	L_C 6°/s R	53% R		L 9.3 ms
7	56	F	2°/s R	R_W 31°/s R	L_W 3°/s L	55% L	MassR	R 8.8 → 8.3 ms
Ischaemia				R_C 21°/s L	L_C 12°/s R	28% R		L 9.2 → 8.0 ms
8	57	F	0	R_W 35°/s R	L_W 14°/s L	45% L	MassR	R 7.9 → 8.0 ms
Ischaemia				R_C 18°/s L	L_C 6°/s R	12% R		L 8.9→ 8.3 ms
9	37	M	15°/s R	R_W 37°/s R	L_W 13°/s R	84% L	MassR	R 7.9 → 7.2 ms
Inflammation				R_C 11°/s L	L_C 17°/s R	72% R		L 8.5 → 6.9 ms
10	29	F	2°/s L	R_W 9°/s R	L_W 39°/s L	60% R	MassR	R 8.1 ms
Inflammation				R_C 6°/s L	L_C 21°/s R	20% L		L 7.3 ms
11	56	M	7°/s L	R_W 5°/s L	L_W 37°/s L	83% R	MassR	R 7.8 → 7.5 ms
Ischaemia				R_C 8°/s L	L_C 7°/s R	75% L		L 7.2 → 7.4 ms
12	48	F	27°/s R	R_W 51°/s R	L_W 27°/s R	100% L	MassR	R 6.8 ms
Ischaemia				R_C 6°/s L	L_C 23°/s R	89% R		L 7.5 ms
13	63	F	3°/s R	R_W 37°/s R	L_W 7°/s L	33% L	MassR	R 6.5 → 6.5 ms
Ischaemia				R_C 11°/s L	L_C 17°/s R	50% R		L 7.5 → 6.7 ms
14	28	F	0	R_W 60°/s R	L_W 17°/s L	56% L	MassR	R 6.5 ms
MS^2nd				R_C 33°/s L	L_C 9°/s R	16% R		L 7.4ms
15	43	F	0	R_W 70°/s R	L_W 30°/s L	33% L	MassR	R 7.7 → 7.0ms
MS^3rd				R_C 40°/s L	L_C 25°/s R	15% R		L 7.2 → 5.9 ms
16	52	M	7°/s R	R_W 26°/s R	L_W 4°/s R	83% L	MassR	R 0 → 7.5 ms
Ischaemia				R_C 5°/s L	L_C 7°/s R	64% R		L 0 → 7.3 ms
17	56	M	7°/s L	R_W 4°/s L	L_W 17°/s L	100% R	MassR	R 9.6 → 8.5 ms
Undetermined				R_C 7°/s L	L_C 7°/s R	60% L		L 10.1 → 8.4 ms
18	53	F	0	R_W 67°/s R	L_W 27°/s L	42% L	MassR	R 9.1 → 8.3 ms
Undetermined				R_C 32°/s L	L_C 13°/s R	19% R		L 9.5 → 8.5 ms
19	49	F	19°/s R	R_W 46°/s R	L_W 17°/s R	93% L	MassR	R 8.1 → 7.6ms
Undetermined				R_C 11°/s L	L_C 19°/s R	40% R		L 7.5 → 6.3 ms
20	53	M	0	R_W 7°/s R	L_W 0	100% L	MassR	R 7.6 → 7.4 ms
Ischaemia				R_C 12°/s L	L_C 0	26% L		L 8.1 → 7.7 ms
							EOG Saccadic pursuit to the L and R^N
21	38	F	10°/s R	R_W 31°/s R	L_W 7°/s R	82% L	MassR	R 7.3 → 6.7 ms
Undetermined				R_C 9°/s L	L_C 11°/s R	45% R		L 7.8 → 6.8 ms
							EOG Saccades to the R: RE 473°/s, LE 487°/s → RE 487°/s, LE 499°/s
								to the L: RE 367°/s, LE 389°/s → RE 458°/s, LE 471°/s
22	45	M	0	R_W 29°/s R	L_W 0	100% L	MassR	R 0 → 8.2 ms
Undetermined				R_C 17°/s L	L_C 0	26% R		L 8.1^>4 → 8.5 ms
							EOG Hypometric saccades to the L^I
23	60	M	0	R_W28°/s R	L_W 14°/s L	38% L	MassR	R 10.3 → 9.9ms
Ischaemia				R_C 19°/s L	L_C 7°/s R	3% R		L 11.5→ 10.8 ms
							EOGHypometric saccades to the R^N
24	25	F	5°/s R	R_W 22°/s R	L_W 0	64% L	MassR	R 7.1 → 5.4 ms
MS^1st				R_C 24°/s L	L_C 10°/s R	14% R		L 7.8 → 5.3 ms
							EOG OKN gain to the: R 0.87 → 0.82
								to the: L 0.71 → 0.75
25	29	F	24°/s R	R_W 0	L_W 69°/s L	47% R	BlinkR-R₁	R 12.5 ms
MS^1st				R_C 27°/s L	L_C 6°/s R	88% L		L 11.3 ms
26	53	F	10°/s L	R_W 6°/s L	L_W 27°/s L	84% R	BlinkR-R₁	R 10.8 → 9.3 ms
Ischaemia				R_C 10°/s L	L_C 13°/s R	54% L		L 9.3 → 9.4 ms
27	68	M	2°/s L	R_W 6°/s R	L_W 57°/s L	80% R	BlinkR-R₁	R 11.8 → 12.0 ms
Ischaemia				R_C 4°/s L	L_C 32°/s R	23% R		L 12.6 → 11.8 ms
							EOG Saccades to the R: RE 356°/s, LE 371°/s → RE 463°/s, LE 445°/s
								to the L: RE 483°/s, LE 474°/s → RE 459°/s, LE 464°/s
28	58	F	2°/s L	R_W 7°/s R	L_W 56°/s L	77% R	BAEP	R wave IV 5.1 → 4.6 msV 6.5 → 5.6 ms
Undetermined				R_C 5°/s L	LC 37°/s R	16% L		L wave IV 4.4 → 4.6 ms V 5.6 → 5.5 ms
29	43	F	0	R_W 21°/s R	L_W 0	100% L	EOG Saccades to the R: RE 443°/s, LE 459°/s
Tumour				R_C 9°/s L	L_C 0	40% R		to the L RE 355°/s, LE 372°/s
30	60	M	0	R_W 10°/s R	L_W 20°/s L	36% R	EOG Saccades to the R: RE 431°/s, LE 449°/s → RE 453°/s, LE 477°/s
Ischaemia				R_C 5°/s L	L_C 12°/s R	6% L		to the L: RE 339°/s, LE 317°/s → RE 461°/s, LE 483°/s
31	60	M	9°/s L	R_W 9°/s L	L_W 25°/s L	100% R	EOG Saccades to the R: RE 349°/s, LE 331°/s → RE 401°/s, LE 423°/s
Ischaemia				R_C 8°/s L	L_C 11°/s R	58% L		to the L: RE 459°/s, LE 437°/s → RE 437°/s, LE 451°/s
32	65	M	4°/s L	R_W 25°/s R	L_W 0	78% L	EOG Saccades to the R: RE 457°/s, LE 457°/s
Ischaemia				R_C8°/s L	L_C 4°/s L	35% R		to the L: RE 367°/s, LE 350°/s
33	38	F	0	R_W 11°/s R	L_W 22°/s L	31% R	EOG Saccades to the R: RE 247°/s, LE 271°/s
Ischaemia				R_C 6°/s L	L_C 10°/s R	14% L		to the L: RE 448°/s, LE 422°/s
							OKN gain to the R: 0.74
								to the L: 0.91
34	71	F	0	R_W 0	L_W 33°/s L	100% R	EOG Saccades to the R: RE 287°/s, LE 301°/s → RE 341°/s, LE 357°/s
Ischaemia				R_C 0	L_C 14°/s R	40% L		to the L: RE 391°/s, LE 397°/s → RE 369°/s, LE 379°/s
							Saccadic pursuit to the L^N
35	20	F	0	R_W 0	L_W 36°/s L	100% R	EOG Saccades to the R: RE 417°/s, LE 523°/s → RE 473°/s; LE: 507°/s
Undetermined				R_C 0	L_C 17°/s R	40% L
36	28	F	7°/s R	R_W 29°/s R	L_W 5°/s R	91% L	EOG Saccades to the L: RE 487°/s, LE 365°/s → RE 457°/s, LE 427°/s
Ischaemia				R_C 16°/s L	L_C 7°/s R	44% R
37	29	M	0	R_W 15°/s R	L_W 30°/s L	31% R	EOG Saccades to the R: RE 340°/s, LE 537°/s → RE 447°/s, LE 515°/s
Undetermined				R_C 7°/s L	L_C 12°/s R	16% L
38	31	F	11°/s L	R_W 24°/s R	L_W 56°/s L	26% R	EOG Saccades to the R: RE 383°/s, LE: 488°/s
MS^1st				R_C 20°/s L	L_C 19°/s R	27% L
39	49	F	0	R_W 15°/s R	L_W 0	100% L	EOG Saccades to the R: RE 343°/s, LE 507°/s → RE 441°/s, LE 477°/s
Undetermined				R_C 15°/s L	L_C 0	0
40	24	F	5°/s R	R_W 57°/s R	L_W 13°/s L	58% L	EOG Saccades to the R: RE 477°/s, LE 376°/s → RE 497°/s, LE 467°/s
MS^1st				R_C 22°/s L	L_C 8°/s R	30% R
41	30	M	10°/s L	R_W 0	L_W 45°/s L	67% R	EOG Saccades to the L: RE 318°/s, LE 407°/s → RE 454°/s, LE 423°/s
MS^2nd				R_C 14°/s L	L_C 27°/s R	37% L
42	43	M	7°/s L	R_W 17°/s R	L_W63°/s L	52% R	EOG Saccades to the L: RE 348°/s, LE 427°/s → RE 449°/s, LE 439°/s
Undetermined				R_C 13°/s L	L_C 31°/s R	23% L
43	27	F	0	R_W 23°/s R	L_W 9°/s L	47% L	EOG Saccadic pursuit to the L^I
MS^2nd				R_C 13°/s L	L_C 4°/s R	10% R
44	63	F	9°/s L	R_W 0	L_W 65°/s L	68% R	EOG Saccadic pursuit to the R^I
Ischaemia				R_C 13°/s L	L_C 4°/s R	90% L
45	80	F	0	R_W45°/s R	L_W 15°/s L	34% L	EOG Saccadic pursuit to the L & R^I
Ischaemia				R_C22°/s L	L_C 18°/s R	26% R

Abnormal results are underlined; M= male; F= female; MS^no= multiple sclerosis, NO of exacerbation; SN= spontaneous nystagmus (slow phase velocities depend on the level of alertness. We gave individual maximal values measured before starting warm and cold water irrigation of each ear); VP= vestibular paresis; DP= directional preponderance; R_W= right warm; R_C= right cold; L_W= left warm; L_C= left cold; R= right; L= left; RE= right eye; LE= left eye; MassR= masseter reflex; BlinkR-R₁= R₁-component of the blink reflex; BAEP= brainstem auditory evoked potentials; →indicates re-examinations; N= normalisation; I= improvement.