Table 2

Details of the clinical signs in each patient, plus the brainstem structures involved

				Clinical signs
				Horner’s syndrome	Ipsilateral cerebellar signs	Contralateral pain and temperature loss (below neck)	Ipsilateral pain and temperature loss (face)	Dysphagia	Contralateral upper motor	Ipsilateral tongue weakness
		Area related to clinical signs
		Level of lesion		Ipsilateral cerebellum	Spinothalamic tract	Descending trigeminal nucleus and tract	Nucleus ambiguus	Pyramid	Hypoglossal nucleus
RLM Group:
1	5	Yes	No	No	Yes	No^†	No	No
2	4–5	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
3	3–5	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No
4	3–5	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
5	3–5	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No^†	No	No
6	3–4	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No
7	4	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No
8	3–4	^	Yes	Yes	Yes	No^†	No	No
9	4	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Non-RLM group:
10	Pons	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
11	Pons	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No
12	Pons	Yes	Yes	No	No	No^†	No	No
13	2–4^*	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
14	1^*	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No
15	C	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	No

Location of the lesion (primarily determined by the clinical findings) is given for each patient in the rostrolateral medulla (RLM) and the Non-RLM group. Numbers 1–5 refer to levels of the medulla shown in fig 1. In the Non-RLM group, 13 and 14 had lesions in the medulla, although not in the rostro lateral area (^*). Signs of dysphagia had been present but resolved at the time of the study (^†). Information on Horner’s syndrome not given in the clinical notes; none at time of study (^). Cerebellum (C).