Measure | Pre-PVP | 3 month Post-PVP | Pre to 3 months p Value | 12 month Post-PVP | Pre to 12 months p Value | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Right Mean (SD) | Left Mean (SD) | Total Mean (SD) | Right Mean (SD) | Left Mean (SD) | Total Mean (SD) | Right Mean (SD) | Left Mean (SD) | Total Mean (SD) | |||||
Mental status: | |||||||||||||
MMSE (0–30) | 28.4 (1.5) | 27.7 (2.3) | 28.0 (.34) | 27.9 (1.8) | 28.1 (2.3) | 28.0 (0.36) | 0.94 | 28.1 (2.1) | 27.8 (2.3) | 28.0 (0.37) | 0.71 | ||
Verbal learning: | |||||||||||||
CVLT Total 1–55-152 (0–80) | 41.4 (11.6) | 41.6 (11.0) | 41.4 (2.1) | 39.2 (11.0) | 37.1 (12.6) | 36.5 (2.2) | 0.004↓ | 39.8 (14.1) | 41.0 (10.4) | 40.3 (2.2) | 0.42 | ||
CVLT Long delay (0–16) | 8.33 (2.9) | 8.08 (3.2) | 8.18 (.58) | 8.15 (4.0) | 7.43 (3.7) | 7.37 (0.68) | 0.10 | 8.09 (3.8) | 7.67 (3.9) | 7.81 (0.73) | 0.34 | ||
Language: | |||||||||||||
BNT (0–60) | 52.8 (6.7) | 52.3 (8.0) | 52.3 (1.4) | 54.8 (4.6) | 53.7 (5.7) | 54.0 (1.0) | 0.01↑ | 55.3 (7.6) | 55.1 (7.6) | 54.8 (1.4) | 0.001↑ | ||
COWAT | 32.2 (10.9) | 32.8 (9.9) | 32.5 (1.7) | 31.6 (9.1) | 28.3 (8.8) | 29.9 (1.5) | 0.04↓ | 30.2 (11.4) | 29.0 (12.1) | 29.6 (1.9) | 0.03↓ | ||
COWAT5-153 | 33.3 (10.6) | 32.6 (10.0) | 32.8 (1.1) | 32.8 (8.5) | 28.7 (9.0) | 29.9 (1.9) | 0.07 | 31.0 (11.5) | 29.8 (12.2) | 30.2 (1.9) | 0.06 | ||
Visuospatial: | |||||||||||||
Hooper (0–30) | 23.1 (3.3) | 23.1 (4.5) | 23.1 (0.70) | 24.1 (3.8) | 24.1 (4.2) | 24.1 (0.68) | 0.02↑ | 24.1 (3.8) | 24.0 (4.3) | 24.1 (0.69) | 0.05↑ | ||
Info processing: | |||||||||||||
SDMT | 37.8 (11.4) | 34.0 (11.8) | 35.9 (2.0) | 36.2 (11.7) | 34.6 (12.0) | 35.4 (2.0) | 0.74 | 36.9 (8.4) | 35.4 (12.9) | 36.1 (2.0) | 0.89 | ||
Trails A | 47.8 (24.6) | 55.5 (29.8) | 51.6 (4.9) | 53.1 (26.9) | 46.8 (18.2) | 49.8 (3.7) | 0.61 | 50.8 (22.6) | 54.4 (33.4) | 52.5 (5.3) | 0.85 | ||
Executive functions: | |||||||||||||
Stroop interference5-152 | −0.904 (5.9) | −0.309 (8.7) | −0.606 (1.3) | −3.72 (6.9) | 0.629 (8.7) | −1.54 (1.4) | 0.41 | 1.08 (6.9) | 3.77 (8.0) | 2.43 (1.3) | 0.02↑ | ||
Trails B | 200.6 (189) | 154.4 (107) | 177.5 (23) | 159.7 (81) | 168.8 (130) | 164.8 (20) | 0.57 | 153.6 (66) | 175.1 (165) | 165.5 (25) | 0.61 | ||
WCST total errors5-152 | 61.5 (15.9) | 57.3 (16.5) | 58.8 (2.9) | 58.5 (22.8) | 53.8 (20.2) | 57.4 (4.0) | 0.58 | 50.1 (21.8) | 52.8 (22.4) | 50.7 (3.8) | 0.01↑ | ||
Affective functioning: | |||||||||||||
BDI5-153 (0–63) | 13.2 (9.0) | 8.90 (5.6) | 11.1 (1.1) | 9.15 (7.0) | 7.28 (5.5) | 8.21 (1.0) | 0.02↑ | 7.23 (5.6) | 8.69 (7.2) | 7.96 (1.1) | 0.01↑ |
↵5-151 No significant differences between right and left pallidotomy patients on neuropsychological variables;
↵5-152 Significant improvement between 3 month and 12 months evaluations (p<.05);
↵5-150 Results did not change with the exclusion of three patients with postoperative adverse events unless otherwise noted;
↵5-153 COWAT scores excluding three patients with postoperative adverse events; §trend for difference between right and left PVP (p>0.05); Bold=Significant contrasts with significant time main effect (p<0.05); ↑=improvement; ↓=decline.
BDI=Beck depression inventory; BNT=Boston naming test; COWA=controlled oral word association test; CVLT=California verbal learning test, trials 1–5, long delay; Hooper=Hooper visual organization test; MMSE=mini mental state examination; Stroop=Stroop colour word test, interference; WCST=Wisconsin card sorting test, total errors.