Preoperative characteristics of patients with spasmodic torticollis (ST) with none/minimal versus moderate/severe degenerative changes in the cervical spine
| ST without or only minimal degenerative changes (n=20) | ST with moderate or severe degenerative changes (n=14) | p Value | |
| Median age (y (range)) | 53.5 (23–61) | 53.5 (38–66) | NS |
| Sex (M:F) | 10:10 | 6:8 | NS |
| Mean duration of ST (y (SD)) | 11.5 (6.9) | 14 (8.1) | NS |
| Median duration (y (range)) | 10.5 (2–26) | 12 (4–37) | |
| Duration (y) without effective treatment | |||
| Mean (SD) | 4.8 (4) | 10.1 (7.2) | 0.009 |
| Median (SD) | 3 (1–15) | 8 (1–30) | |
| Acute onset after trauma | 1 | 2 | NS |
| Delayed onset after trauma | 3 | 2 | NS |
| Tardive dystonia | 0 | 1 | NS |
| Mean (SD) severity4-150 | 21.2 (3.8) | 18.8 (4.3) | NS |
| Mean (SD) disability4-150 | 14.8 (6.4) | 15.6 (5.8) | NS |
| Mean (SD) pain4-150 | 11.5 (5.1) | 12.1 (2.7) | NS |
| Primary BT treatment failure | 3 | 6 | NS |
| Mean (SD) head tilt restriction score | 2.5 (2) | 4.1 (2.2) | 0.03 |
| Mean (SD) head turn restriction score | 1.7 (2.1) | 3.4 (2.5) | 0.04 |
| Mean (SD) overall head movement restriction score | 4.2 (3.1) | 7.6 (4.1) | 0.015 |
| Mean (SD) tremor severity | 1.4 (1.8) | 4.7 (2.7) | 0.01 |
↵4-150 Determined by the TWSTRS.