Neuropsychological scores of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis at baseline and at the end of follow up testing. The cut off scores indicating impairment are provided
| Cut off scores |
Baseline (53 patients) mean (SD) |
Follow up (53 patients) mean (SD) | Mean % change (95% CI) | p Value | |
| Stroop colour word interference test (ms) | >69 | 71.3 (5.4) | 81.9 (9.4) | 14.9 (11.2–19.5) | <0.0001 |
| Paced auditory serial addition test | <48 | 47.9 (11.1) | 42.3 (15.7) | 11.7 (8.8–15.3) | 0.035 |
| Standard Raven progressive matrices | >110 | 119.5 (13.7) | 113.8 (13) | 4.8 (3.6–6.3) | 0.033 |
| Wechsler adult intelligence scale | |||||
| Verbal fluency (total No) | <34 | 36.7 (9.5) | 33.1 (10.3) | 9.8 (7.3–12.8) | 0.064 |
| Digit span forward | <5 | 5.1 (1) | 4.4 (1.3) | 13.7 (10.3–17.9) | 0.003 |
| Digit span feedback | <4 | 2.8 (1.1) | 2.8 (0.8) | 0 (—) | 0.839 |
| Similarities (No correct) | <11 | 8.3 (2.3) | 7.1 (1.5) | 14.5 (10.9–19) | 0.002 |
| Cube subtest | <10 | 8.3 (1.5) | 7.5 (1.3) | 9.6 (7.2–12.6) | 0.003 |
| Bilingual aphasia test | |||||
| Story recall test (No of errors) | >2 | 1.1 (0.9) | 1.5 (1.6) | 36.4 (27.2–47.7) | 0.099 |
| Mental arithmetic (No of errors) | >2 | 1.5 (1.7) | 2.7 (2.4) | 80 (60–104.8) | 0.048 |
| Morphology (No of errors) | >5 | 2.9 (3.5) | 4 (3.2) | 37.9 (28.4–49.6) | 0.091 |
| Syntax (No of errors) | >14 | 9.3 (6.8) | 14.1 (11) | 51.6 (38.6–67.6) | 0.008 |
| Semantic (No of errors) | >7 | 3.5 (3.3) | 4.7 (3.3) | 34.3 (25.7–44.9) | 0.05 |
| Syntactic comprehension (No of errors) | >12 | 14 (9.1) | 15 (10.3) | 7.2 (5.4–9.4) | 0.590 |
| Spontaneous speech (No of errors) | |||||
| Verbal paraphasias | >1 | 1 (1) | 3.7 (1.5) | 270 (202.2–353.7) | <0.0001 |
| Agrammatisms | >2 | 3.6 (3.2) | 4 (2) | 11.1 (8.3–14.5) | 0.489 |
| Neologisms | 0 | 0.3 (0.9) | 0.1 (0.3) | 66.6 (49.9–87.2) | 0.402 |
| Mini mental state examination | >24 | 29.4 (1) | 29.2 (1.4) | 0.68 (0.51–0.89) | 0.366 |
| Hamilton depression rating scale | 5.6 (6.7) | 6.4 (7) | 14.2 (10.7–18.6) | 0.574 | |
| Hamilton anxiety rating scale | 21.4 (22.2) | 22.9 (21.2) | 7 (5.2–9.2) | 0.727 | |
Comparison between the baseline and the follow up was performed by paired t test.