Summary of imaging and neuropsychological findings in the patient cohort
| Case number | Lesion type | Lesion size (rank) | Location | Frontal- executive* | Attention | General intellectual ability | Naming | Visual memory | Verbal memory | Perception | Total domains affected/tested |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *Percentile scores could not be calculated for tests of executive function, so cut off scores were used. N=test scores fell within the normal range, I=scores fell within the impaired range on at least two tests of executive function, NT=tests relevant to the cognitive domain were not perfomed, <5th=scores on one or more measures fell below the 5th percentile compared with age matched controls, <10th=scores on one or more measures fell below the 10th percentile compared with age matched controls. | |||||||||||
| 1 | Acute haemorrhage (cavernoma) with surrounding oedema | 2 | Haemorrhage centered on superior cerebellar peduncle and inferior colliculus on the left involving the red nucleus and medial leminiscus. Oedema extending into the crus cerebri, substantia nigra and middle cerebellar peduncle on the left. | I | <5th | <5th | <5th | <10th | N | N | 5/7 |
| 2 | Ischaemic lesion | 6 | Ischaemia of the left midbrain involving the crus cerebri, sustantia nigra, red nucleus. High signal along corticospinal tract down to pyramid of medulla. Wallerian degeneration? | I | <5th | <10th | <5th | N | N | N | 4/7 |
| 3 | Acute ischaemia | 3 | Right inferior cerebellar peduncle. Medial portion of right pons and entire left side of pons between fifth nerves and cerebellar peduncles. | I | <5th | <10th | NT | N | N | N | 3/6 |
| 4 | Acute ischaemia | 4 | Infarct of pons between the seventh/eighth nerves and fifth nerve on the right side and above the fifth nerve on the left side, mainly involving cortico spinal tracts. | I | <10th | <10th | N | N | N | N | 3/7 |
| 5 | Acute bleed (cavernoma) with some surrounding oedema | 1 | Haemorrhage on the right side of the pons involving the right medial leminiscus, inferior cerebellar peduncle and right inferior olive. Oedema extends across the midline superiorly into inferior colliculi and crus cerebri on the right. | I | <5th | N | N | N | N | N | 2/7 |
| 6 | Acute infarct | 5 | Infarct involving medial part of left pons at the level of the 5th nerves and slightly above | N | <5th | N | N | N | <10th | N | 2/7 |
| 7 | Probable infarct | 7 | Solitary high signal lesion in left pons | I | NT | N | N | N | N | N | 1/6 |