Family and individual characteristics of the reference group, outpatient and inpatient mild head injury groups
| Variable | Reference | Outpatient | Inpatient | p Level |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ( SD), median, or percentage shown. Reference, outpatient, and inpatient group sample sizes vary because of missing data: 914–1068, 86–96 and 33–36, respectively. Data shown here are based on patient groups 0–10 years. *Selected covariates. †At child’s birth; ‡home observation; §parental report. | ||||
| Family adverse life events per year, 1–5 y | 2.02 (1.30) | 2.29 (1.30) | 2.73 (1.40) | <0.00* |
| Family adverse life fe events per year, 6–10 y | 2.51 (1.60) | 3.00 (1.80) | 3.33 (1.30) | <0.00* |
| Mothers age† | 26.0 (5.00) | 25.4 (4.70) | 24.9 (4.80) | >0.25* |
| Birth weight (kg) | 3.36 (0.53) | 3.39 (0.53) | 3.28 (0.54) | >0.55* |
| Mother’s positive emotional responses to child, age 3‡ | ||||
| mean | 8.14 (1.70) | 8.47 (1.40) | 7.89 (2.00) | >0.10* |
| median | 9.00 | 9.00 | 8.00 | >0.10 |
| Mother’s punitive responses to child age 3‡ | ||||
| mean | 0.84 (0.80) | 1.10 (0.96) | 1.03 (1.10) | <0.01* |
| median | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | <0.03 |
| Step parent changes, 0–5 y | 7.3% | 8.3% | 13.9% | >0.25 |
| Step parent changes, 6–10 y | 7.1% | 13.5% | 5.6% | <0.07* |
| Parental separations, 0–5 y | 12.7% | 14.6% | 16.7% | >0.60 |
| Parental separations, 6–10 y | 13.0% | 17.7% | 33.3% | <0.00* |
| Parental reconciliations, 0–5 y | 4.9% | 5.2% | 11.1% | >0.25 |
| Parental reconciliations, 6–10 y | 5.4% | 6.2% | 8.3% | >0.70 |
| Mothers education† | ||||
| No formal | 49.7% | 56.2% | 55.6% | >0.20* |
| Secondary | 30.2% | 28.1% | 36.1% | |
| Tertiary | 20.0% | 15.6% | 8.3% | |
| Difficult to manage, 2–5 y§ | 41.2% | 52.2% | 60.6% | <0.02* |
| Aggressive, 2–5 y§ | 33.3% | 46.7% | 39.4% | <0.06* |
| SES of family† | ||||
| Semi-skilled | 26.9% | 19.8% | 16.7% | >0.20* |
| Skilled | 52.6% | 55.2% | 66.7% | |
| Professional | 20.5% | 25.0% | 16.7% | |
| Number of parents† | ||||
| Single parent | 6.9% | 8.3% | 11.1% | >0.55 |
| Two parent | 93.1% | 91.7% | 88.9% | |
| Birth order | ||||
| First | 38.3% | 35.4% | 38.9% | >0.65 |
| Second | 35.3% | 45.8% | 22.2% | |
| Third | 18.3% | 15.6% | 30.6% | |
| Fourth | 5.5% | 0.0% | 5.6% | |
| Fifth | 2.6% | 3.1% | 2.8% | |
| Global family living standard, 0–10 y | 28.6 (4.62) | 28.5 (5.10) | 29.2 (4.56) | >0.60 |