Table 5

Previous studies of visible infarction on CT and outcome after stroke. Only studies with a sample size greater than 80 and which examined for an independent association of visible infarction with clinical outcome using multivariate analyses are included. (A) patients scanned up to six hours after stroke, and (B) patients scanned up to two weeks after stroke

Author and year	Sample (n)	CT time window (h) max	Model	Treatment/trial	Prevalence of ischaemic changes	Baseline stroke severity	Stroke subtype	Definition of dependency (or outcome)	Association with dependency
(A) Patients scanned up to six hours after stroke
Early signs
Barber 2000²³	156	3	multivariate	rt-PA	75%	NIH<10 in 30%   NIH>20 in 21%	anterior circulation	mRS 3–6 at 3 months	yes ASPECTs score <8
Patel 2001²⁶	616	3	multivariate	NINDS	31%	median NIH 13	all subtypes	mRS 2–6 at 3 months	yes marginal, but not with response to rt-PA
v Kummer 2001²⁵	786	3	none	ECASS2	57%	mean NIHSS 11,5	hemispheric infarct	mRS 2–6 at 3 months	yes
Buttner 1997²⁰	95	6	univariate	unknown	47%	mean SSS 32	MCA Infarct	mRS 2–6 at 4 weeks	yes, but 25% with CT signs had benign course
Censori 1993³	172	6	multivariate	unknown	32.4%	9.3% stuporous patients	anterior circulation	mRS 3–5 at 6 months	no
Cornu 2000²⁴	1292	6	multivariate	MAST I, ASK, MAST E	27%   (5–64%)	21% stuporous patients	all subtypes	mRS at 3 months	no
Manelfe 1999²¹	603	6	multivariate	ECASS I	86,50%	mean SSS 28	hemispheric infarct	mRS 3–6 at 3 months	yes
v Kummer 1997¹⁰	620	6	multivariate	ECASS I	52%	mean SSS 27,5	hemispheric infarct	mRS 2–6 at 3 months	yes
Trouillas 1998²²	100	7	multivariate	rt-PA	87,60%	mean SSS 29.3	anterior circulation	mRS 2–6 at 3 months	yes
(B) Patients scanned up to two weeks after stroke
Established signs
Moulin 1996⁷	100	14	none	anticoagulants, anitaggregants thrombolysis	94%	mRS at discharge	MCA Infarct	mRS 5–6 at 14 days	yes
Zorzon 1993²⁷	80	24	multivariate	unknown	17,5%   (HMCA)	unknown	unknown	mRS 4–6 at 1 months	yes (for HMCA)
Candelise 1991⁶	1048	48	multivariate	Italian hemodilution trial	50%	50% severe strokes	all subtypes	death at 6 months	relation to death RR=2
Chamorro 1995²⁸	208	72	multivariate	anticoagulants, anitaggregants	41%	mean Matthew 78.4	all subtypes	SOS 4–6 at 10 days	no (but infarct volume)
Rasmussen 1992²	210	72	multivariate	unknown	76%	30% somnolent or comatose	all strokes	death at 3 weeks	yes
Saver 1999²⁹	191	1 week	multivariate	RANTTAS	69%	median NIH 10	hemispheric infarct	BI <60 or  NIH >1 at 3 months	yes (correlation)
Wardlaw 1998¹⁹	993	2 weeks +	multivariate	antiaggregants	60%	mRS, death and dependency at 6 months d	13% TACI   40% PACI   26% LACI   16% POCI	mRS 3–6 at 6 months	yes (and death)