Characteristics of pregnancies (frequencies are shown)
| Drug exposure in pregnancy | Age ⩾6 years | Mean age(SD) | Age ⩽5 years | Mean age (SD) | Maternal epilepsy | Seizures during pregnancy | All (%) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Idiopathic generalised epilepsy | Local.related | Unclass-ified | None or non-convulsive | 1–4 tonic-clonic seizures | 5 or more tonic-clonic seizures | ||||||
| *Valproate. | |||||||||||
| Local., localisation. | |||||||||||
| Unexposed | 83 | 10.5 (3.2) | 18 | 3.3 (0.9) | 23 | 71 | 7 | 83 | 13 | 5 | 101 |
| Monotherapy | 121 | 9.6 (3.2) | 77 | 3 (1.3) | 72 | 119 | 7 | 126 | 45 | 27 | 198 |
| Carbamazepine | 52 | 9.5 (3.2) | 42 | 3.0 (1.2) | 21 | 72 | 1 | 55 | 22 | 17 | 94 (47) |
| Phenytoin | 21 | 10.7 (3.5) | 5 | 2.6 (1.4) | 9 | 16 | 1 | 17 | 7 | 2 | 26 (13) |
| Valproate | 42 | 9.0 (2.9) | 21 | 3.3 (1.4) | 39 | 19 | 5 | 47 | 12 | 4 | 63 (32) |
| Other | 6 | 11.5 (3.6) | 9 | 3.0 (1.7) | 3 | 12 | 0 | 7 | 4 | 4 | 15 (8) |
| Polytherapy | 52 | 10 (3.1) | 24 | 2.8 (1.4) | 28 | 46 | 2 | 26 | 20 | 30 | 76 |
| 2 AEDs | 39 | 10.2 (3.2) | 19 | 2.8 (1.3) | 20 | 36 | 2 | 19 | 17 | 22 | 58 (76) |
| 3 AEDs | 10 | 9.1 (2.9) | 3 | 2.2 | 4 | 9 | 0 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 13 (17) |
| 4 or more AEDs | 3 | 8.0 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 5 (7) |
| Including VPS* | 29 | 10.5 (3.1) | 12 | 2.6 (1.1) | 18 | 21 | 2 | 11 | 14 | 16 | 41 (54) |
| Excluding VPS* | 23 | 9.5 (3.0) | 12 | 3.0 (1.6) | 10 | 25 | 0 | 15 | 6 | 14 | 35 (46) |
| Total | 256 | 10.0 (3.1) | 119 | 3.0 (1.3) | 123 | 236 | 16 | 235 | 78 | 62 | 375 |