Table 1

Results of cardiovascular autonomic function tests*

Test results	Controls	Possible MSA	Probable MSA	p Value
NS, not significant.
*Valsalva values are means (SE).
^aPost hoc comparisons (p<0.001): controls v patients with probable MSA.
^bPost hoc comparisons (p<0.001): patients with possible MSA v patients with probable MSA.
^cPost hoc comparisons (p<0.01): controls v patients with possible MSA.
^dPost hoc comparisons (p<0.01): controls v patients with probable MSA.
^ePost hoc comparisons (p<0.05): controls v patients with possible MSA.
^fPost hoc comparisons (p<0.05): controls v patients with probable MSA.
^gPost hoc comparisons (p<0.05): patients with possible MSA v patients with probable MSA.
Head-up tilt
ΔSystolic (mm Hg)	1 (1)^a,e	−14 (3)^b,c	−40 (5)^a,b	<0.001
ΔDiastolic (mm Hg)	4 (1)^a,e	−2 (2)^b,e	−20 (3)^a,b	<0.001
Standing
ΔSystolic (mm Hg)	7 (2)^a,c	−9 (3)^b,c	−38 (6)^a,b	<0.001
ΔDiastolic (mm Hg)	7 (2)^a,c	−4 (3)^b,c	−18 (3)^a,b	<0.001
Isometric hand grip
ΔSystolic (mm Hg)	8 (2)	3 (2)	3 (2)	NS
ΔDiastolic (mm Hg)	4 (1)^f	1 (1)	−1 (1)^f	<0.05
Mental arithmetic
ΔSystolic (mm Hg)	21 (3)^a,e	7 (4)^e	1 (3)^a	<0.001
ΔDiastolic (mm Hg)	9 (2)^a	5 (3)^g	−3 (1)^a,g	<0.001
Cutaneous cold
ΔSystolic (mm Hg)	18 (2)^d	13 (4)	7 (3)^d	<0.05
ΔDiastolic (mm Hg)	9 (2)	8 (2)	7 (3)	NS
Deep breathing
ΔHeart rate	11 (1)^e,f	7 (1)^e	6(1)^f	<0.05
*Valsalva
ratio	1.43 (0.04)^a	1.33 (0.05)^g	1.18 (0.02)^a,g	<0.001