Table 4

Full DAPP-BQ personality (pathology) profiles of major PNES patient clusters and healthy controls

Higher order dimension	Lower order trait	Cluster 1 (n = 43)	Cluster 2 (n = 37)	Healthy controls (n = 100)	Difference cluster 1 v healthy controls	Difference cluster 2 v healthy controls
Values are mean (SD).
DAPP-BQ, dimensional assessment of personality pathology – basic questionnaire; PNES, psychogenic non-epileptic seizures.
Emotional dysregulation	Anxiousness	3.5 (0.5)	2.3 (0.4)	3.0 (0.6)	p<0.001	p<0.001
	Identity problems	3.1 (0.5)	1.9 (0.5)	2.1 (0.5)	p<0.001	NS
	Social avoidance	3.0 (0.5)	2.0 (0.5)	2.0 (0.4)	p<0.001	NS
	Affective lability	3.4 (0.5)	2.5 (0.5)	2.5 (0.6)	p<0.001	NS
	Cognitive distortion	3.0 (0.6)	1.9 (0.6)	1.9 (0.5)	p<0.001	NS
	Oppositionality	2.8 (0.5)	2.2 (0.5)	2.4 (0.6)	p<0.001	NS
	Submissiveness	3.0 (0.5)	2.3 (0.5)	2.5 (0.5)	p<0.001	NS
	Insecure attachment	3.5 (0.6)	2.4 (0.7)	2.4 (0.5)	p<0.001	NS
	Self harm	2.4 (1.1)	1.2 (0.5)	2.1 (0.5)	p = 0.032	p<0.001
	Suspiciousness	3.0 (0.5)	2.1 (0.4)	2.6 (0.6)	p<0.001	p<0.001
	Narcissism	2.9 (0.7)	2.1 (0.5)	2.4 (0.4)	p<0.001	p = 0.001
Dissocial behaviour	Stimulus seeking	2.9 (0.5)	2.5 (0.5)	2.5 (0.6)	p = 0.001	NS
	Conduct problems	1.8 (0.5)	1.4 (0.3)	2.3 (0.7)	p<0.001	p<0.001
	Rejection	2.7 (0.5)	2.4 (0.5)	1.5 (0.4)	p<0.001	p<0.001
	Callousness	2.3 (0.4)	2.0 (0.4)	2.1 (0.5)	NS	NS
Inhibitedness	Intimacy problems	2.6 (0.7)	2.3 (0.6)	2.4 (0.5)	NS	NS
	Restricted expression	3.2 (0.5)	2.5 (0.5)	2.5 (0.6)	p<0.001	NS
Compulsivity		3.5 (0.5)	3.3 (0.5)	1.2 (0.4)	p<0.001	p<0.001