Patient characteristics (n = 26)
| *Mean (standard deviation). | |
| †Median (interquartile range). | |
| ‡Expressed as total levodopa equivalent dose: 100 levodopa equivalents = 100 mg standard levodopa = 133 mg controlled release levodopa = 10 mg bromocriptine = 5 mg ropinirole = 1 mg pramipexole = 1 mg cabergoline = 2 mg apomorphine. For patients who received a COMT inhibitor, the sum of standard levodopa and 0.75 times the dose of controlled release levodopa was multiplied by 1.3.19–21 | |
| §Sum score of the dyskinesia part (items 32–35) of section IV (complications of therapy) of the UPDRS (possible score range, 0–13).1 | |
| ¶Sum score of the clinical fluctuations part (items 36–39) of section IV (complications of therapy) of the UPDRS (possible score range, 0–7).1 | |
| **Sum score of the mini-mental state examination (possible score range, 0–30).13 | |
| M, male; F, female; MMSE, mini-mental state examination; PD, Parkinson’s disease; UPDRS, unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale. | |
| Sex (M:F) | 15:11 |
| Age (years) | 62.8 (7.5)* |
| Time since PD diagnosed (years) | 13.8 (4.3)* |
| Hoehn and Yahr stage of PD (during “off”) | IV (III-V)† |
| Daily antiparkinsonian drug treatment‡ | 1877 (1645)* |
| Dyskinesia score (UPDRS IV; 0–13)§ | 5 (3 to 7)† |
| Fluctuation score (UPDRS IV; 0–7)¶ | 4 (2 to 4)† |
| MMSE score (0–30)** | 29 (28 to 30)† |