Performance of the vascular and Alzheimer patient groups and of the controls on the neuropsychological test battery
| Test | Vascular | DAT | Controls | p Value | Post hoc comparisons |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Values are mean (SD). Maximum scores are given in brackets following the name of each test. The p values are from the one way analyses of variance comparing the groups. | |||||
| †All other comparisons not significant. | |||||
| DAT, dementia of Alzheimer type; RMT, recognition memory test; TEA, test of everyday attention; VOSP, visual object and space perception battery. | |||||
| Episodic memory tasks | |||||
| Logical memory – immediate recall (25) | 6.0 (2.4) | 4.2 (1.9) | 9.5 (2.4) | <0.001 | Controls>VaD = AD |
| Logical memory – delayed recall (25) | 3.9 (2.5) | 0.4 (1.0) | 7.6 (2.7) | <0.001 | Controls>VaD>AD |
| Rey figure – delayed recall (36) | 7.1 (6.5) | 2.4 (3.6) | 18.3 (5.7) | <0.001 | Controls>VaD>AD |
| RMT words (25) | 19.1 (3.7) | 18.9 (3.3) | 24.5 (1.0) | <0.001 | Controls>VaD = AD |
| RMT faces (25) | 20.5 (3.7) | 21.3 (3.5) | 24.6 (0.5) | <0.001 | Controls>VaD = AD |
| Doors and people visual –recognition (24) | 13.0 (2.6) | 11.7 (4.4) | 16.7 (3.1) | <0.001 | Controls>VaD = AD |
| Doors and people visual – immediate recall (36) | 17.5 (8.6) | 11.4 (6.6) | 29.0 (7.1) | <0.001 | Controls>VaD>AD |
| Doors and people visual – delayed recall (12) | 6.0 (3.7) | 2.9 (2.9) | 10.3 (1.9) | <0.001 | Controls>VaD>AD |
| Doors and people verbal – recognition (24) | 14.3 (3.9) | 11.2 (3.0) | 17.7 (2.3) | <0.001 | Controls>VaD>AD |
| Doors and people verbal – immediate recall (36) | 14.5 (8.3) | 7.2 (7.5) | 21.3 (7.2) | <0.001 | Controls>VaD>AD |
| Doors and people verbal – delayed recall (12) | 4.1 (3.7) | 2.2 (3.0) | 8.2 (3.2) | <0.001 | Controls>VaD = AD |
| Semantic memory tasks | |||||
| Category fluency (8 categories) | 65.8 (24.9) | 75.8 (25.3) | 119.1 (19.0) | <0.001 | Controls>VaD = AD |
| Semantic battery naming (64) | 60.2 (4.3) | 60.1 (7.1) | 62.3 (1.8) | NS | – |
| Word–picture matching (64) | 62.4 (1.6) | 62.4 (4.0) | 63.8 (0.4) | NS | – |
| Camel and cactus test (64) | 47.0 (10.6) | 53.5 (10.5) | 58.9 (3.2) | <0.01 | Controls>VaD† |
| Concrete and abstract word synonym test (50) | 41.1 (6.6) | 44.4 (4.0) | 46.9 (3.1) | <0.01 | Controls>VaD† |
| Graded naming test (30) | 17.6 (5.4) | 19.6 (5.8) | 24.7 (2.9) | <0.001 | Controls>VaD = AD |
| Executive and attentional tasks | |||||
| Letter fluency (FAS) | 23.4 (14.9) | 36.2 (12.1) | 40.9 (8.8) | <0.001 | Controls = AD>VaD |
| Della Sala dual task – decrement | 8.3 (12.5) | 1.6 (2.6) | 0.5 (1.2) | <0.01 | Controls = AD<VaD* |
| Stroop – words per minute | 22.9 (12.6) | 28.0 (19.1) | 52.0 (12.8) | <0.001 | Controls>VaD = AD |
| Wisconsin card sorting (6) | 2.8 (1.9) | 3.8 (2.2) | 5.8 (0.5) | <0.001 | Controls>VaD = AD |
| TEA elevator counting (7) | 5.5 (1.9) | 6.4 (1.5) | 6.8 (0.4) | 0.01 | Controls = AD>VaD |
| TEA elevator counting with distraction (10) | 5.0 (3.6) | 6.8 (3.0) | 8.7 (1.8) | <0.01 | Controls>VaD† |
| TEA map search (80) | 22.3 (10.9) | 37.2 (17.7) | 58.9 (15.4) | <0.001 | Controls>AD>VaD |
| Forward digit span | 5.9 (1.5) | 6.5 (1.3) | 7.0 (1.0) | <0.05 | Controls>VaD† |
| Reverse digit span | 3.9 (1.3) | 4.2 (1.5) | 5.2 (1.4) | <0.05 | Controls>VaD† |
| Visuospatial tasks | |||||
| Rey copy (36) | 22.0 (10.6) | 27.5 (11.0) | 33.9 (1.6) | <0.001 | Controls>VaD = AD |
| VOSP incomplete letters (20) | 17.1 (2.8) | 17.7 (5.1) | 19.2 (0.8) | NS | – |
| VOSP silhouette naming (30) | 15.6 (4.5) | 19.8 (5.7) | 21.5 (2.7) | <0.001 | Controls = AD>VaD |
| VOSP object decision (20) | 15.6 (3.3) | 17.6 (3.0) | 17.2 (2.4) | NS | – |
| VOSP dot counting (10) | 8.8 (2.0) | 9.7 (0.6) | 9.9 (0.3) | <0.05 | Controls = AD>VaD |
| VOSP number location (10) | 7.3 (2.2) | 8.1 (3.0) | 8.7 (3.4) | NS | – |
| VOSP cube analysis (10) | 6.8 (3.1) | 7.8 (2.7) | 10.2 (2.6) | <0.01 | Controls>VaD = AD |