Dystonia
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* Blepharospasm and lid apraxia |
* Oromandibular-facial-lingual dystonia |
* Cervical dystonia (torticollis) |
* Laryngeal dystonia (spasmodic dysphonia) |
* Limb dystonia |
* Task specific dystonia (eg, writer’s or other occupational cramps) |
* Other focal/segmental dystonias (primary, secondary) |
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Other involuntary movements
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* Hemifacial spasm |
* Limb, head, voice, chin tremor |
* Palatal myoclonus |
* Motor and phonic tics (including coprolalia) |
* Nystagmus and oscillopsia |
* Myokymia |
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Inappropriate muscle contractions
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* Spasticity (stroke, cerebral palsy, head injury, multiple sclerosis) |
* Painful rigidity |
* Strabismus |
* Bruxism and temporo-mandibular joint syndrome |
* Stuttering |
* Chronic tension (muscle contraction) headaches |
* Lumbosacral strain and back spasms |
* Radiculopathy with secondary muscle spasm |
* Myofascial pain syndromes |
* Achalasia (lower oesophageal sphincter spasm) |
* Spasm of the inferior constrictor of the pharynx |
* Spasm of the sphincter of Oddi |
* Spastic bladder, detrusor sphincter dyssynergia |
* Anismus |
* Vaginismus |
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Other applications
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* Protective ptosis |
* Hyperlachrymation |
* Drooling (sialorrhoea) |
* Hyperhidrosis |
* Gustatory sweating |
* Anal fissure |
* Constipation |
* Obesity (distal stomach) |
* Cosmetic (wrinkles, brow furrows, frown lines, “crow’s feet”, platysma lines, facial asymmetry) |
* Tennis elbow and other sports injuries |