Evaluation of tic severity, cognitive performance, and psychiatric status before and after neurosurgery
| Before surgery | After surgery: stimulation category | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| None | Thalamic | Pallidal | “Sham” | Thalamic and pallidal | ||
| Maximum scores are indicated in parentheses. A reduction in the score indicates improvement, except for the attention index and episodic and working memory scores, where an increase indicates improvement. | ||||||
| BAS, brief anxiety scale; BIS, Baratt’s impulsivity scale; MADRS, Montgomery–Asberg depression rating scale; RVBTS, Rush video based tic rating scale; YGTSS, Yale global tic severity scale. | ||||||
| Month: | 0 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 9 | 11 |
| Tic severity | ||||||
| YGTSS (/100)14 | 84 | 78 | 30 | 29 | 91 | 34 |
| RVBTS (/20)15 | 13 | 14 | 3 | 6 | 11 | 3 |
| Psychiatric evaluation | ||||||
| Depression (MADRS/60)16 | 25 | 19 | 10 | 23 | 20 | 17 |
| Anxiety (BAS/60)17 | 7 | 15 | 8 | 10 | 7 | 15 |
| Impulsivity (BIS/100)18 | 77 | 66 | 35 | 58 | 61 | 39 |
| Cognitive evaluation | ||||||
| Attention index (/130)19 | 76 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 99 | 101 |
| Episodic memory (verbal learning/36)20 | 14 | – | 30 | 29 | 31 | 31 |
| Working memory (digit ordering test/105)21 | 67 | 86 | 85 | 86 | 86 | 89 |
| Flexibility (trail making B–A)22 | 96 | 43 | 28 | 27 | 36 | 30 |