Neuropsychological testing protocols and raw scores
| Test | Time† | Control | Leukoaraiosis | p Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Scores are given as mean (SD), except MMSE which is mean (range). Scaled scores are shown for the WAIS-R subtests. | ||||||
| *Sensitive to an aspect of executive function. | ||||||
| †Time taken to perform the test. | ||||||
| MMSE, mini-mental state examination; WCST, Wisconsin card sorting test; WMS, Wechsler memory scale. | ||||||
| General/clinical | ||||||
| MMSE | 5 min | 29 (27 to 30) | 27(17 to 30) | <0.001 | ||
| Finger tapping test | 5 min | 43 (9) | 34 (11) | 0.007 | ||
| Brief assessment (total time 18 min) | ||||||
| Digit symbol | 3 min | 43 (7) | 25 (11) | <0.001 | ||
| FAS verbal fluency* | 5 min | 39 (12) | 29 (13) | 0.012 | ||
| Digit span backwards* | 5 min | 5.8 (1.6) | 4.6 (1.5) | 0.013 | ||
| Trail making B-A* | 5 min | 55 (34) s | 124 (73) s | <0.001 | ||
| Additional tests (total time 85 min) | ||||||
| WCST | Total errors* | 20 min | 41 (23) | 58 (26) | 0.028 | |
| Perseveration errors (%)* | 19 (10)% | 33 (21)% | 0.002 | |||
| Vocabulary | 10 min | 10.4 (2.1) | 9.0 (2.3) | 0.031 | ||
| Comprehension | 10 min | 10.6 (2.5) | 8.4 (2.5) | 0.004 | ||
| Similarities | 10 min | 9.8 (2.8) | 7.2 (2.7) | 0.005 | ||
| Verbal IQ | 110 (14) | 96 (13) | 0.001 | |||
| Block design | 10 min | 8.4 (2.2) | 6.5 (2.7) | 0.007 | ||
| Object assembly | 10 min | 6.9 (2.5) | 5.0 (2.0) | 0.011 | ||
| Performance IQ | 109 (16) | 93 (16) | 0.002 | |||
| WMS | Immediate | 9.0 (3.1) | 8.3 (3.0) | 0.45 | ||
| Delayed | 6.3 (3.3) | 4.2 (2.9) | 0.033 | |||
| Total | 10 min | 15.3 (6.2) | 12.5 (5.3) | 0.124 | ||
| Paired associate learning | 5 min | 11.4 (3.7) | 9.7 (3.7) | 0.137 | ||