Neuropsychological performances of 44 patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis matched individually to 44 controls according to age, sex, and educational level
| Neuropsychological tests | % RRMS† | RRMS | Controls |
|---|---|---|---|
| For all tests, the results are expressed as mean (SD) number of correct answers except for go-no-go (ratio sequential reaction time/simple reaction time) and Stroop test (ratio time to the interference Stroop task/time to the colour naming task). | |||
| †Percentage of patients scoring below the 5th centiles of paired healthy control scores for each cognitive test (n = 44). | |||
| ‡Number of patients and healthy controls, respectively, with low/middle/high educational levels. | |||
| Probability (p) values relate to comparison between paired RRMS patients and controls determined by the paired Student t test for all variables except for sex and educational level (χ2 test): *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001; ****p<0.0001; p values over 0.05 were considered as non-significant. | |||
| BNT, Boston naming test; CLTR, consistent long term retrieval; DR, delayed recall; LTS, long term storage; PASAT, paced auditory serial addition test; RFF, Ruff figural fluency test; RRMS, relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis; SDMT, symbol digit modalities test; SRT, selective reminding test; WLG, word list generation test; 10/36, spatial recall test evaluating short term visuospatial memory; 10/36-DR, spatial recall test evaluating long term visuospatial memory. | |||
| Age (years) | 38.20 (9.48) | 37.81 (10.80) | |
| Sex (M/F) | 14/30 | 14/30 | |
| Educational level‡ | 19/13/12 | 19/9/16 | |
| SRT LTS | 25 | 51.25 (12.25)* | 56.61 (9.00) |
| SRT CLTR | 30 | 40.86 (16.34)* | 47.73 (11.32) |
| SRT-DR | 18 | 9.88 (2.17)** | 10.93 (1.40) |
| 10/36 | 11 | 20.11 (4.74) | 21.98 (4.97) |
| 10/36-DR | 16 | 6.73 (2.38)** | 8.20 (1.77) |
| SDMT | 48 | 41.39 (11.71)**** | 56.82 (9.46) |
| PASAT 3 s | 23 | 41.73 (14.52)** | 47.73 (9.14) |
| PASAT 2 s | 39 | 31.57 (14.30)*** | 40.66 (8.86) |
| WLG | 0 | 24.14 (6.39) | 26.32 (6.96) |
| Similarities | 20 | 17.59 (4.94)**** | 21.09 (3.52) |
| BNT | 0 | 23.77 (2.73) | 24.34 (2.52) |
| RFF1 | 0 | 11.61 (4.83) | 13.48 (5.64) |
| RFF2 | 0 | 10.45 (7.02) | 11.82 (6.42) |
| Go-no-go | 7 | 1.07 (0.13) | 1.11 (0.12) |
| Stroop test | 36 | 1.87 (0.90)*** | 1.34 (0.29) |