Acute L-dopa challenge data at each time point (mean (SD))
| Outcome measure | Group | 0 min | 60 min | 90 min | 120 min | Within-subject effects* | Between-subject effects† | Interaction effects‡ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ChEIs, cholinesterase inhibitors; cognition reaction time CRT, choice reaction time; CRT ACC, CRT response accuracy; CRT SD, cognition reaction time standard deviation; CVAR CRT, coefficient of variation in choice reaction time; DLB, dementia with Lewy bodies; DPIC RT, delayed picture recognition reaction time; DVIG RT, digit vigilance reaction time; ES, eta squared; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; NPI, Neuropsychiatric Inventory; NWM RT, numeric working memory reaction time; PD, Parkinson’s disease; PDD, Parkinson’s disease with dementia; RDS, reverse digit span; SRT, simple reaction time; UPDRS, Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale; VAS, Visual Analogue Scale; WL,Wilk’s. | ||||||||
| *Within-subject effects examine the effect of treatment with time (expressed as WL, Fdf, df error, p, ES). | ||||||||
| †Between-subject effects examine the differences between diagnostic groups (expressed as Fdf,df error, p, ES). | ||||||||
| ‡Interaction effects examine the combination of diagnosis with time (expressed as WL, Fdf,df error, p, ES). | ||||||||
| SRT, CRT, CRTSD, COG RT, measured in ms. CRT ACC expressed as a percentage. | ||||||||
| SRT | PDD | 701 (562) | 807 (812) | 661 (390) | 580 (283) | WL = 0.974 | F2,57 = 12.35 | WL = 0.901 |
| DLB | 946 (788) | 1109 (1128) | 905 (453) | 835 (386) | F3,55 = 0.492, p = 0.689 | p<0.001 | F6,110 = 0.982, p = 0.441 | |
| PD | 401 (94) | 387 (76) | 390 (84) | 409 (84) | ES = 0.026 | ES = 0.302 | ES = 0.051 | |
| CRT | PDD | 1223 (902) | 1548 (1535) | 1367 (1377) | 1230 (1260) | WL = 0.970 | F2,56 = 11.85 | WL = 0.718 |
| DLB | 1308 (840) | 954 (338) | 1508 (1977) | 1407 (1233) | F3,54 = 0.560 | p<0.001, ES = 0.297 | F6,108 = 3.249 p = 0.006, | |
| PD | 602 (117) | 589 (112) | 558 (90) | 559 (89) | p = 0.643, ES = 0.03 | ES = 0.153 | ||
| CRTSD | PDD | 652 (884) | 1195 (1871) | 917 (1660) | 747 (1355) | WL = 0.887 | F2,56 = 19.274, p<0.001, ES = 0.408 | WL = 0.779 |
| DLB | 645 (621) | 507 (350) | 857 (1762) | 784 (961) | F3,54 = 2.285 | F6,108 = 2.390 p = 0.033, | ||
| PD | 128 (47) | 141 (71) | 128 (71) | 141 (70) | p = 0.089, ES = 0.113 | ES = 0.117 | ||
| CRT ACC | PDD | 86 (15) | 80 (18) | 80 (17) | 82 (17) | WL = 0.913 | F2,56 = 25.411 | WL = 0.965 |
| DLB | 83 (10) | 76 (17) | 78 (14) | 75 (21) | F3,54 = 1.707 | p<0.001, ES = 0.476 | F6,108 = 0.325 p = 0.923, | |
| PD | 96 (5) | 96 (4) | 96 (4) | 97 (3) | p = 0.177, ES = 0.087 | ES = 0.018 | ||
| CVAR CRT | PDD | 0.40 (0.20) | 0.59 (0.44) | 0.45 (0.27) | 0.43 (0.22) | WL = 0.809 | F2,56 = 14.465, | WL = 0.815 |
| DLB | 0.44 (0.20) | 0.49 (0.19) | 0.394 (0.192) | 0.49 (0.21) | F3,54 = 4.243 | p<0.001, ES = 0.341 | F6,108 = 1.944, p = 0.080, | |
| PD | 0.21 (0.05) | 0.23 (0.08) | 0.22 (0.08) | 0.25 (0.011) | p = 0.009, ES = 0.191 | ES = 0.097 | ||
| COGRT | PDD | 522 (564) | 822 (1189) | 706 (1115) | 650 (1052) | WL = 0.912 | F2,47 = 9.934 | WL = 0.820 |
| DLB | 362 (982) | −156 (866) | 603 (1761) | 572 (1079) | F3,45 = 1.442 | p<0.001, ES = 0.297 | F6,90 = 1.563, p = 0.167, | |
| PD | 201 (99) | 202 (78) | 168 (58) | 151 (44) | p = 0.243, ES = 0.088 | ES = 0.094 | ||
| RDS | PDD | 3.9 (1.8) | 3.6 (2.0) | 4.1 (2.2) | 4.1 (2.1) | WL = 0.917 | F2,57 = 16.20 | WL = 0.901 |
| DLB | 3.6 (1.6) | 4.0 (1.2) | 3.5 (1.7) | 3.9 (1.3) | F3,55 = 1.65 | p<0.001, ES = 0.362 | F6,110 = 0.985 | |
| PD | 6.0 (1.5) | 6.6 (2.0) | 6.6 (2.2) | 6.7 (2.1) | p = 0.188, ES = 0.083 | p = 0.439, ES = 0.051 | ||
| VAS | PDD | 45 (16) | 55 (21) | 52 (20) | 58 (23) | WL = 0.786 | F(2,55) = 6.83 | WL = 0.861 |
| DLB | 55 (21) | 55 (21) | 57 (23) | 65 (23) | F3,53 = 4.804 | p = 0.002, ES = 0.199 | F6,106 = 1.370 | |
| PD | 68 (17) | 66 (19) | 72 (13) | 75 (14) | p = 0.005, ES = 0.214 | p = 0.233, ES = 0.072 | ||
| UPDRS III | PDD | 43 (12) | 36 (8) | 35 (10) | 38 (10) | WL = 0.494 | F2,57 = 3.44 | WL = 0.839 |
| DLB | 36 (10) | 33 (10) | 33 (9) | 34 (10) | F3,55 = 18.8 | p = 0.039, ES = 0.108 | F6, 110 = 1.680 | |
| PD | 36 (9) | 29 (9) | 30 (9) | 30 (8) | p<0.001, ES = 0.506 | p = 0.133, ES = 0.084 | ||