Types of major congenital malformation by antiepileptic drug
| Drug | Cases (n) | NTD | Facial cleft | Cardiac | Hypospadias/GUT | GIT | Skeletal | Other | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GIT, gastrointestinal tract defects; GUT, genitourinary tract defects; NTD, neural tube defects. | ||||||||||||||||
| Carbamazepine | 900 | 2 (0.2%) | 4 (0.4%) | 6 (0.7%) | 2 (0.2%) | 2 (0.2%) | 3 (0.3%) | 1 (0.1%) | ||||||||
| Valproate | 715 | 7 (1.0%) | 11 (1.5%) | 5 (0.7%) | 9 (1.3%) | 2 (0.3%) | 8 (1.1%) | 2 (0.3%) | ||||||||
| Lamotrigine | 647 | 1 (0.2%) | 1 (0.2%) | 4 (0.6%) | 6 (0.9%) | 3 (0.5%) | 2 (0.3%) | 4 (0.6%) | ||||||||
| Phenytoin | 82 | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (1.2%) | 1 (1.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (1.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||||||||