Table 3

Literature review of complications of DBS STN implantation*

Authors and year	No. of patients (electrodes)	Minimum no. of months of follow up	Mortality (% of patients) and cause	ICH (% of leads)	Infection or erosion (% of leads)	Other serious complication (% of patients)	Confusion (% of patients)
*NR, Not reported; ICH, intracerebral haemorrhage; PE, pulmonary embolism. Mortality rate 3/913 (0.3%); symptomatic ICH 17/1796(0.9%). Total incidence of confusion (patients) 120/913 (13.1%) (without DBS 119/811 (14.7%)) (range 5.5 to 33.3%). Total incidence of reported infection/erosion (leads) 36/1157 (3.1%) (range 0 to 7.7%)
Kumar et al., 1998	22 (44)	12	0 (0)	1 (2.3)	NR	1 lead migration (4.5)	7 (31.8)
Limousin et al., 1998	24 (48)	12	0 (0)	1 (2.1); persistent aphasia/severe paralysis	1 (2.1)	NR	8 (33.3)
Benabid et al., 2000	127 (253)	NR	1 (0.8); PE	5 (2.0); 2 symptomatic, 3 asymptomatic	“Less than 5%”	4 transient hemiballism (3.1)	7 (5.5)
Houeto et al., 2000	23 (46)	6	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	3 (13.0)
Rodriguez-Oroz et al., 2000	15 (30)	12	0 (0)	2 (6.7); permanent motor deficits	NR	1 wound haematoma requiring drainage (6.7)	1 (6.7)
Beric et al., 2001	61 (122)	NR	0 (0)	NR	NR	NR	4 (6.6)
Broggi et al., 2001	17 (34)	6	0 (0)	1 (2.9); silent	NR	NR	3 (17.6)
DBS for PD Group, 2001	102 (198)	6	0 (0)	3 (1.5)	4 (2.5)	3 seizures (2.9), 1 PE (0.9), 1 brachial plexus injury (0.9), 1 nonhaemorhagic paralysis (0.9), 3 lead migrations (2.9), 1 lead break (0.9)	1 (1.0)
Lopiano et al., 2001	20 (40)	NR	0 (0)	NR	1 (2.5)	NR	2 (10.0)
Ostergaard et al., 2002	26 (52)	12	0 (0)	NR	1 (1.9)	1 seizure (3.8)	3 (11.5)
Simuni et al., 2002	13 (26)	12	1 (7.7); PE	1 (3.8); transient	2 (7.7)	1 seizure (7.7), 1 subdural haematoma (7.7%)	1 (7.7)
Starr et al., 2002	44 (76)	NR	0 (0)	2 (2.6)	2 (2.6)	2 seizures (4.5), 1 lead break (2.3)	9 (20.5)
Tavella et al., 2002	47 (94)	3	0 (0)	NR	1 (1.1)	NR	7 (14.9)
Vesper et al., 2002	38 (76)	12	0 (0)	NR	2 (2.6)	NR	10 (26.3)
Herzog et al., 2003	48 (96)	6	0 (0)	1 (1.0); transient	NR	1 dislocation of impulse generator (2.1), 1 subdural haematoma (2.1)	7 (14.6)
Krack et al., 2003	49 (98)	3 (5 years in 42)	1 (2.0); ICH	10 (10.2); 2 permanent, 8 asymptomatic	5 (5.0)	2 seizures (4.1), 2 contusions (4.1), 1 ballism (2.0), 1 depressive suicide (2.0), 1 heart failure (2.0)	12 (24.5)
Landi et al., 2003	72 (144)	6	0 (0)	1 (0.7); transient	4 (2.8)	1 PE (1.4)	8 (11.1)
Pahwa et al., 2003	35 (70	12	0 (0)	0 (0)	5 (7.1)	1 fracture (2.9), 3 seizures (8.6),	5 (14.3)
Tamma et al., 2003	30 (60)	12	0 (0)	NR	NR	3 contusions (10.0)	9 (30.0)
Present study	100 (191)	6	0 (0)	1 (0.5); transient	9 (4.7)	3 seizures (3.0), 2 wound haematomas requiring drainage (2.0), 1 subdural haematoma (1.0), 1 extension wire replacement (1.0)	13 (13.0)