Depressive pseudodementia |
Space occupying lesions |
Benign tumours, especially subfrontal meningiomas |
Subdural haematoma |
Hydrocephalus |
Deficiency states |
Vitamins B12, B1 (Wernicke-Korsakoff), B6 |
Niacin (Pellagra) |
Endocrine disease and metabolic disorders |
Hypothyroidism |
Chronic hypocalcaemia |
Recurrent hypoglycaemia |
Cushing’s disease |
Addison’s disease |
Uraemia |
Hepatic encephalopathy |
Hashimoto’s encephalopathy |
Infections |
AIDS dementia complex |
Lyme disease |
Tuberculosis (TB) |
Syphilis |
Inflammatory and vasculitides |
Systemic lupus erythematosis |
Giant cell arteritis |
Polyarteritis nodosa |
Behçet’s disease |
Neurosarcoidosis |
Alcoholic dementia |
Chronic intoxications |
Heavy metals |
Drugs |
Carbon monoxide poisoning |
Wilson’s disease |
Whipple’s disease |
Limbic encephalitis (paraneoplastic or associated with voltage gated potassium channel antibodies) |