Examples of non-neurological clinical features associated with potentially treatable causes of dementia
| Clinical sign | Disease |
|---|---|
| Lymphadenopathy | HIV/AIDS, malignancy, sarcoidosis, tuberculosis (TB) |
| Signs of immunocompromise | HIV/AIDS, malignancy |
| 0 Herpes simplex (“cold sores”) | |
| 1 Herpes zoster | |
| 2 Oral candida | |
| 3 Hairy leucoplakia | |
| 4 Kaposi’s sarcoma | |
| Hepatomegaly | Malignancy |
| Cachexia | Nutritional deficiency |
| Alcoholism | |
| Malignancy | |
| AIDS | |
| Hypertension | Vascular disease |
| Kaiser-Fleischer rings | Wilson’s disease |
| Uveitis | Sarcoid, TB, multiple sclerosis |
| Rash | |
| 5 Erythema nodosum | Sarcoid, TB |
| 6 Vasculitic purpura | Systemic vasculitides |
| 7 “Butterfly” rash | Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) |
| 8 Erythema chronicum migrans | Lyme disease |
| 9 “Casel’s necklace” | Niacin deficiency |
| Non-pulsatile, tender temporal arteries | Giant cell arteritis |
| Hyperpigmentation of skin | Addison’s disease |
| Cushingoid appearance | Cushing’s syndrome |
| Pretibial myxoedema | Hypothyroidism |
| Loss of eyebrows | Hypothyroidism |
| Oral/genital ulceration | Behçet’s disease |
| Blue gums (a “lead line”) | Lead poisoning |
| Arthritis | Whipple’s disease, SLE, Lyme disease, Behçet’s disease |