| Reference (author, year) | Sample size (n) | Postoperative sexual change (operation type) | Description of sexual change | Postoperative KBS symptoms |
| Sawa (1954)90 | 11 5 schizophrenia, 5 epilepsy, 1 “hyperactive idiocy” | n = 2 (bilateral) | “Acceleration of sexual impulses” in the form of increased sexual innuendo in conversation | Erroneous recognition of people and objects. Abnormal oral behaviour, changes in emotional behaviour including rage reactions and placidity |
| Narabayashi (1963)91 | 60 46 epilepsy, 6 EEG abnormalities and 8 severe behavioural disturbances. 39 unilateral, 21 bilateral operations | n = 1 (not reported) | “Slight hypersexuality” lasting only a few days | Nil |
| Mark (1972)92 | 10 All had intractable TLE with uncontrollable fear or violence; 3 unilateral, 6 bilateral operations, including 1 unilateral ATL | n = 1 (bilateral) | Impotent for 2 y after surgery | Hyperphagia lasting 3 months |
| Kim (1972)93 | 63 Patients with either epilepsy or psychiatric disorders such as phobia and aggressiveness | Not reported | “Elevation of sexual libido was generally observed” | Elated mood and increased appetite were generally observed |
| Heimburger (1978)94 | 58 14 intractable seizures, 12 behavioural problems, 32 both; 43 unilateral, 15 bilateral operations | n = 3 (not reported) | Increased sex drive which lasted from a few days to a few weeks and subsided | Nil |
| Jacobson (1986)95 | 1 Chronic self-mutilation | n = 1 (bilateral amygdalotomy and subcaudate tractotomy) | “A complete absence of sexual contact on the ward or in her personal life contrasted with her description of ‘sexual arousal’ in my presence” | Disorder of facial recognition, emotional changes including placidity, hyperalertness to visual stimuli, motor stereotypies and oral behaviour |
ATL, anterior temporal lobectomy; TLE, temporal lobe epilepsy.