Intervention effects and change at follow-up (test 4 − test 3)
| Intervention β estimate (SE) | Change in units* (% range)† | p Value | Follow-up β estimate (SE) test 4-test 3 | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CSI, Carer Strain Index; FES, Falls Efficacy Scale; FOGQ, Freezing Of Gait Questionnaire; NEADL, Nottingham Extended ADL Index; PDQ-39, Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire; PG score, posture and gait score; TGUG, Timed Get Up and Go test. | |||||
| ↑Estimate represents change in direction of improvement. | |||||
| ↓Estimate represents change in direction of deterioration. | |||||
| *Change expressed as measured units, positive figures represent an improvement | |||||
| †Change expressed as % of the scoring range; positive figures represent an improvement. | |||||
| ‡After transformation. | |||||
| Primary outcomes | |||||
| PG score (0–20) | ↑−0.85 (0.3) | 4.2% | 0.005 | ↓0.582 (0.14) | <0.001 |
| Secondary outcomes | |||||
| Gait and Balance | |||||
| Speed (m/s) | ↑0.05 (0.02) | 5 cm/s* | 0.005 | ↓−0.02 (0.007) | 0.03 |
| Step length (m) | ↑0.04 (0.009) | 4 cm* | 0.001 | ↓−0.02 (0.004) | <0.001 |
| Step frequency (steps/min) | ↑−2.1 (1.19) | −2.1 steps/min* | 0.08 | ↓1.24 (0.56) | 0.03 |
| Functional reach (cm) | ↑1.3 (0.97) | 1.3 cm* | 0.18 | ↓−1.08 (0.46) | 0.02 |
| Tandem stance (s) | – | – | – | – | – |
| Single leg stance (s) | – | – | – | – | – |
| TGUG (s) | ↑−0.002 (0.73) | 2 ms | 0.6 | ↓0.14 (0.2) | 0.47 |
| FOGQ (0–24) | ↑−0.86 (0.44) | 3.6%† | 0.25‡ | ↓0.8 (0.21) | 0.001 |
| Activity | |||||
| NEADL (0–66) | ↑1.71 (0.94) | 2.6%† | 0.07 | ↓−0.65 (0.5) | 0.2 |
| FES (0–130) | ↑4.77 (2.29) | 3.7%† | 0.04 | ↓−2.92 (1.22) | 0.02 |
| Participation | |||||
| PDQ-39 (total%) | ↑−1.36 (1.14) | 1.4% | 0.23 | ↓0.99 (0.52) | 0.06 |
| CSI (0–13) | ↑−0.76 (0.32) | 5.8%† | 0.14‡ | ↓0.15 (0.18) | 0.42 |