Table 1

Studies of obsessive–compulsive disorder comorbid with hyperkinetic (non-tic) movement disorders

Author	n	Study design	Measurement instrument OC symptom	OC symptom severity^*^† ^‡	Measurement instrument OCD diagnosis	OCD diagnosis^† ^‡
Chorea
Huntington's disease
Anderson et al26	27	Cohort	Y-BOCS	–^¶	–	–
Anderson et al27	1642	Cohort	UHDRS	–^¶	–	–
Beglinger et al28	3964	Cohort	UHDRS	–^¶	–	–
Beglinger et al29	300^§	Case control	SCOPI	Far to onset^† Mid to onset^‡ Near to onset^†	–	–
Craufurd et al20	134	Cohort	PBA-HD	–^¶	–	–
van Duijn et al30	140^§	Case control	–	–	CIDI	^‡
Murgod et al31	26	Cohort	UHDRS	–^¶	–	–
Sydenham's chorea
Alvarenga et al32	51^§	Case control	Y-BOCS	^‡	–	^†
Asbahr et al33	50	Case control	LOI (resistance)	Month 1+2^‡ Month 3+4^† Month 5+6^†	K-SADS	^†
Asbahr et al33	50	Case control	LOI (interference)	Month 1+2^‡ Month 3+4^† Month 5+6^†	K-SADS	^†
Asbahr et al34	73	Cohort	Y-BOCS	–^¶	–	–
Asbahr et al35	38^§	Case control	Y-BOCS	^†	–	–
Hounie et al36	59^§	Case control	Y-BOCS	^†	SCID	^†
Hounie et al37	50^§	Family study^**	Y-BOCS	^‡	SCID, K-SADS	^†
Maia et al38	106^§	Case control	LOI (median)	^‡	K-SADS	^‡
Maia et al38	106^§	Case control	Y-BOCS (median)	^‡	K-SADS	^‡
Mercadante et al39	42^§	Case control	Y-BOCS	^†	K-SADS	^†
Dystonia
Myoclonus dystonia
Foncke et al40	27^§	Family study^**	Y-BOCS	^†	SCID	NMC^† MMC^†
Saunders-Pullman et al,41 Hess et al42	30^§	Family study^**	–	–	CIDI	NMC^† MMC^‡
Generalised dystonia
Heiman et al43	27^§	Case control	MOCI	NMC^† MMC^†	CIDI	NMC^† MMC^†
Blepharospasm
Bihari et al44	21^§	Case control	MOCI	^‡	–	–
Broocks et al45	13^§	Case control	SCL-90-R HOCI	^† ^‡	–	–
Hall et al46	159^§	Case control	HOCI	^†	–	–
Munhoz et al47	30^§	Case control	Y-BOCS	^†	–	^†
Wenzel et al48	31	Cohort	–	–	SCID	^†
Idiopathic focal dystonia
Cavallaro et al49	76^§	Family study^**	Y-BOCS	–^¶	–	^‡
Fabbrini et al50	86^§	Case control	Y-BOCS	^†	–	–
Lencer et al51	86^§	Case control	–	–	SCID	^‡
Idiopathic spasmodic torticollis
Bihari et al52	22^§	Case control	Y-BOCS MOCI SCL-90-R	^‡ ^† ^‡	–	–
Focal hand dystonia
Voon et al53	39	Cohort	–	–	SCID	–^¶

Characteristics of the 29 included studies regarding patients with movement disorders and comorbidity with OCD.
↵* OC symptom severity in study group compared with control group.
↵† No difference between case and controls.
↵‡ Significant difference between case and controls.
↵§ Only the case group is listed.
↵¶ No information available or study design not suitable for comparison.
↵** Only the probands of the family studies are presented.
CIDI, Composite International Diagnostic Interview; HOCI, Hamburg Obsession/Compulsion Inventory; K-SADS, Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Aged Children; LOI, Leyton Obsessional Inventory-child version; MMC, manifest mutation carrier; MOCI, Maudsley Obsessive–Compulsive Inventory; NMC, non-manifest mutation carrier; OCD, obsessive–compulsive disorder; PBA-HD, Problem Behaviours Assessment for Huntington's Disease; PD, Parkinson's disease; SCID, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders; SCL-90-R, Symptom Check-List-90-revised; SCOPI, Schedule of Compulsions; UHDRS, Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale; Y-BOCS, Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale.