Admission factors in relation to neurological deterioration in the first 24 h (n=609)
| Worse (n=211) | Stable (n=398) | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age (years) | 57 (16) | 52 (13) | 0.001 |
| Female | 154 (73) | 297 (75) | 0.6 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27 (6) | 27 (7) | 0.9 |
| White ethnicity | 99 (47) | 180 (45) | 0.7 |
| Social and past medical history | |||
| Hypertension | 118 (56) | 175 (43) | 0.004 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 17 (8) | 28 (7) | 0.3 |
| Previous stroke | 7 (3) | 7 (2) | 0.2 |
| Admission neurological and clinical findings | |||
| Hunt–Hess grade | 3 (2–3) | 3 (1–3) | 0.3 |
| 1 and 2, alert and oriented | 90 (43) | 179 (45) | |
| 3, lethargic | 69 (33) | 137 (34) | |
| 4, stuporous | 52 (25) | 82 (21) | |
| Loss of consciousness | 92 (44) | 134 (34) | 0.01 |
| APACHE-2 physiological subscore* | 6 (4–9) | 5 (3–8) | <0.001 |
| Body temperature (°C) | 98 (97–99) | 98 (97–99) | 0.8 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 160 (138–180) | 156 (133–180) | 0.2 |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 82 (69–96) | 80 (68–90) | 0.3 |
| Respiratory rate (/min) | 18 (16–20) | 18 (16–20) | 0.1 |
| Serum sodium (mmol/l) | 139 (136–140) | 138 (136–140) | 0.9 |
| Serum glucose (mmol/l) | 146 (126–178) | 137 (118–166) | 0.003 |
| White blood cell count (×109/l) | 11.6 (8.8–14.5) | 10.8 (8.3–13.7) | 0.08 |
| Troponin (µg/l)† | 0.2 (0.02–0.5) | 0.1 (0.02–0.3) | 0.4 |
| Admission radiographic findings | |||
| Modified Fisher scale | 3 (2–4) | 3 (1–3) | <0.001 |
| 0, no blood | 1 (1) | 12 (3) | |
| 1, focal or diffuse thin SAH | 42 (20) | 124 (32) | |
| 2, focal or diffuse thin SAH with bilateral IVH | 16 (8) | 29 (7) | |
| 3, focal or diffuse thick SAH | 95 (45) | 162 (41) | |
| 4, focal or diffuse thick SAH with bilateral IVH | 57 (27) | 71 (18) | |
| SAH sum score* | 19 (14–24) | 15 (10–21) | <0.001 |
| IVH sum score* | 2 (0–4) | 1 (0–3) | 0.005 |
| Bicaudate Index (mm) | 0.17 (0.13–0.22) | 0.16 (0.12–0.20) | 0.004 |
| Haematoma | 42 (20) | 43 (11) | 0.003 |
| Vasospasm on admission angiogram | 11 (5) | 18 (5) | 0.7 |
| Aneurysm size >10 mm | 54 (26) | 92 (23) | 0.4 |
Values are presented as mean (SD), median (IQR) or number (%).
*APACHE-2 physiological subscore is the sum of four physiological variables: arterio-alveolar gradient >125 mm Hg=3, HCO3 <20 mmol/l=2, glucose 9.9 mmol/l=2 and mean arterial pressure <70 or >130 mm Hg=1 (range 0–8); SAH sum score grades the amount of blood in 10 basal cisterns and fissures (0=no SAH, 1=small SAH, 2=moderate SAH, 3=completely filled with SAH) by adding each of the 10 individual cistern scores (range 0–30); IVH sum score grades the amount of blood in the right and left lateral, third and fourth ventricel (0=no blood, 1=sedimentation, 2=partly filled, 3=completely filled) by adding each of the four individual ventricel scores (range 0–12).
†Missing variables in 45%.
APACHE, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation, ICH, intracerebral haemorrhage; IVH, intraventricular haemorrhage; SAH, subarachnoidal haemorrhage.