Demographic and baseline and 3-year follow-up clinical characteristics of patients and controls*
| Patients (n=183)† | Controls (n=97)† | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 71.91±9.07 | 71.07±6.07 | 0.36 |
| Females | 74 (40.4) | 49 (50.5) | 0.10 |
| Education (years) | 10.10±2.66 | 11.75±3.31 | <0.001 |
| Baseline clinical test scores | |||
| MMSE | 27.83±2.56 | 28.78±1.30 | <0.001 |
| ADL | 5.26±1.35 | 5.97±0.18 | <0.001 |
| IADL | 6.82±1.93 | 7.99±0.10 | <0.001 |
| IQCODE | 3.10±0.25 | 3.08±0.16 | 0.46 |
| Follow-up clinical test scores | |||
| MMSE | 27.60±3.04 | 29.19±0.90 | <0.001 |
| ADL | 5.01±1.64 | 6.00±0.00 | <0.001 |
| IADL | 6.28±2.31 | 7.89±0.42 | <0.001 |
| IQCODE | 3.29±0.60 | 3.06±0.26 | 0.001 |
| Coronary artery disease | 55 (31.4) | 13 (14.0) | 0.002 |
| Hypertension | 107 (59.4) | 33 (35.5) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 29 (16.2) | 7 (7.6) | 0.04 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 44 (24.9) | 2 (2.2) | <0.001 |
| Hypercholesterolaemia | 68 (40.2) | 21 (24.7) | 0.01 |
| Smoker (past or current) | 108 (62.8) | 40 (43.5) | 0.004 |
| Alcohol abuse | 11 (6.1) | 6 (6.7) | 0.85 |
*Data are presented as either mean±SD or n (%).
†Maximum n, with percentages for participants with valid data.
ADL, Activities of Daily Living; IADL, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living; IQCODE, Informant Questionnaire for Cognitive Decline in the Elderly; MMSE, Mini Mental State Examination.