Comparative MCM results from the main epilepsy pregnancy registries
| Valproate | Carbamazepine | Lamotrigine | |
|---|---|---|---|
| UK Epilepsy and Pregnancy Register | 82/1220 (6.7%) | 43/1657 (2.6%) | 49/2098 (2.3%) |
| North American AED Pregnancy Registry5 | 30/323 (9.3%) | 31/1033 (3.0%) | 31/1562 (2.0%) |
| International Registry of Antiepileptic Drugs and Pregnancy (EURAP)6 | 98/1010 (9.7%) | 79/1402 (5.6%) | 37/1280 (2.9%) |
| International Lamotrigine Pregnancy Registry7 | N/A | N/A | 35/1558 (2.2%) |
AED, antiepileptic drug; MCM, major congenital malformation.