Associations between study characteristics and the incidence of the composite outcome (death, non-fatal ICH or new or worsened persistent focal neurological deficit attributed to CCM or its treatment)
| All cohorts (n=63) | Neurosurgery (n=49) | Stereotactic radiosurgery (n=14) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study characteristic | Cohorts | Events | RR (95% CI) | Cohorts | Events | RR (95% CI) | Cohorts | Events | RR (95% CI) |
| Midyear, y | * | 13 | 178 | 0.91 (0.85 to 0.98) | 8 | 62 | 1.03 (0.96 to 1.11) | ||
| Age, y | 22 | 244 | 1.01 (0.98 to 1.05) | 14 | 182 | 0.99 (0.95 to 1.03) | 8 | 62 | 0.96 (0.65 to 1.41) |
| Female, % | 22 | 244 | 1.01 (0.99 to 1.03) | 14 | 182 | 1.00 (0.98 to 1.02) | 8 | 62 | 1.03 (0.87 to 1.21) |
| Brainstem, % | 22 | 244 | 1.02 (1.01 to 1.03) | 14 | 182 | 1.03 (1.01 to 1.05) | 8 | 62 | 1.03 (0.95 to 1.11) |
| ICH as presenting symptom, % | 22 | 244 | 1.00 (0.99 to 1.01) | 14 | 182 | 0.98 (0.96 to 1.00) | 8 | 62 | 1.04 (0.96 to 1.13) |
| Children, % | 8 | 125 | 1.03 (0.98 to 1.09) | 6 | 122 | 1.08 (0.98 to 1.21) | 2 | 3 | Not estimable |
All analyses are adjusted for patient age, sex, proportion of brainstem CCM and proportion of patients presenting with haemorrhage, unless stated otherwise. The RRs are expressed per 1% increase in the proportion of patients with a study characteristic or per 1-year increase in age or midyear.
*We did not analyse the effect of midyear on the composite outcome in all cohorts together because there was a significant interaction between midyear and treatment modality (p=0.003).
CCM, cerebral cavernous malformation; ICH, intracranial haemorrhage; RR, rate ratio.