Changes in MRI characteristics between baseline and 5-year and 10-year follow-up for the group followed over 10 years
| 5-year follow-up split by disability progression | Cohen's d | p Value | 10-year follow-up split by disability progression | Cohen's d | p Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (n=18) | No (n=32) | Yes (n=25) | No (n=25) | |||||
| T2 lesion volume | 2.15 (7.03) | 2.07 (6.49) | 0.01 | ns | 4.05 (8.79) | 4.87 (7.03) | 0.10 | ns |
| T1 lesion volume | 1.84 (3.98) | 930 | 0.03 | ns | 1.53 (3.73) | 1.14 (3.74) | 0.10 | ns |
| Whole brain volume | −3.24 (2.21) | −1.92 (1.26) | 0.73 | * | −5.54 (2.69) | −3.73 (1.88) | 0.78 | ** |
| Grey matter volume | −2.60 (3.04) | −2.41 (2.67) | 0.07 | ns | −4.96 (3.23) | −5.14 (3.55) | 0.05 | ns |
| White matter volume | −1.45 (2.35) | −1.45 (2.81) | 0 | ns | −0.711 (2.69) | −0.73 (4.30) | 0 | ns |
| Lateral ventricular volume | 15.60 (15.67) | 12.74 (13.29) | 0.20 | ns | 28.16 (22.41) | 22.27 (48.96) | 0.15 | ns |
| Cortical volume | −2.70 (2.75) | −1.89 (1.95) | 0.34 | ns | −4.00 (3.24) | −3.21 (2.97) | 0.25 | ns |
| Total SDGM volume | −5.33 (4.97) | −2.74 (3.52) | 0.60 | ns | −7.28 (7.34) | −5.07 (4.31) | 0.37 | ns |
| Subcortical deep grey matter structures | ||||||||
| T2 lesion SDGM volume | 3.08 (375.6) | −12.33 (372.7) | 0 | ns | −2.50 (306.8) | −25.63 (213.4) | 0 | ns |
| T1 lesion SDGM volume | 12.67 (133.3) | 8.34 (73.8) | 0.04 | ns | 7.75 (109.6) | −3.83 (89) | 0.04 | ns |
| Caudate | −5.20 (5.12) | −2.88 (4.98) | 0.46 | ns | −6.69 (6.62) | −7.58 (5.84) | 0.14 | ns |
| Putamen | −8.10 (7.06) | −3.78 (6.04) | 0.66 | ** | −11.17 (13.12) | −5.91 (5.87) | 0.52 | ns |
| Globus pallidus | −5.06 (7.83) | −0.80 (5.33) | 0.64 | ** | −6.51 (11.15) | −2.91 (6.38) | 0.40 | ns |
| Thalamus | −4.23 (4.63) | −2.72 (3.58) | 0.36 | ns | −5.83 (5.94) | −4.33 (4.41) | 0.29 | ns |
| Hippocampus | −3.06 (6.95) | −2.20 (4.84) | 0.14 | ns | −6.44 (9.31) | −4.69 (4.44) | 0.24 | ns |
| Amygdala | −4.32 (10.90) | −0.24 (5.71) | 0.47 | ns | −2.07 (9.88) | −1.23 (7.38) | 0.10 | ns |
| Accumbens | −12.77 (19.12) | −9.75 (13.10) | 0.18 | ns | −14.34 (18.96) | −13.07 (12.39) | 0.08 | ns |
Disability progression was measured using the Expanded Disability Status Scale. All brain volume changes are expressed in percentage change and SDs. Lesion volume changes are expressed in absolute changes and SDs in millilitres.
The differences between the disability progressing and non-progressing groups were calculated using Student t test and Mann–Whitney rank sum test, as appropriate.
**Significant at p<0.01.
* Trend at p<0.05.
abs change, absolute change; DGM, deep grey matter.