Linear mixed model parameter estimates (±SE) for baseline predictors of decline in composite neuropsychological test scores in stroke/TIA patients*
| Predictor | All patients | No interval stroke/TIA | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameter estimate | p Value | Parameter estimate | p Value | |
| Demographic/clinical | ||||
| Age in years | 0.00±0.00 | 0.82 | 0.00±0.00 | 0.67 |
| Female | −0.31±0.11 | 0.01 | −0.22±0.10 | 0.04 |
| Education in years | 0.02±0.02 | 0.20 | 0.01±0.01 | 0.59 |
| MMSE score | −0.02±0.03 | 0.48 | −0.04±0.03 | 0.20 |
| IQCODE score | −0.43±0.30 | 0.15 | 0.14±0.28 | 0.61 |
| Cardiovascular risks | ||||
| Hypertension | −0.16±0.12 | 0.20 | −0.12±0.11 | 0.25 |
| Diabetes | 0.01±0.16 | 0.90 | 0.04±0.15 | 0.80 |
| High cholesterol | 0.16±0.12 | 0.18 | −0.06±0.10 | 0.56 |
| Smoker | 0.21±0.12 | 0.09 | 0.17±0.11 | 0.12 |
| Laboratory measures | ||||
| Homocysteine in μmmol/L | 0.00±0.00 | 0.89 | 0.00±0.00 | 0.85 |
| APOE4 ε4 positive | 0.19±0.21 | 0.36 | −0.48±0.17 | 0.009 |
| MTHFR T positive | −0.12±0.20 | 0.53 | 0.14±0.18 | 0.43 |
| MRI | ||||
| Atrophy | −0.33±2.79 | 0.90 | −1.51±2.15 | 0.48 |
| Hippocampus in mL† | 0.36±0.13 | 0.01 | 0.30±0.11 | 0.008 |
| WMHs in L‡ | −0.93±2.55 | 0.71 | −1.05±2.44 | 0.66 |
*Parameter estimates are for predictor×time (follow-up vs baseline) interaction terms adjusted for age, sex and education. A negative parameter estimate indicates greater decline and a positive parameter estimate indicates less decline if meeting a categorical factor (eg, female vs male) or for increasing values of a continuous factor (eg, hippocampus volume).
†Additionally adjusted for intracranial volume and one outlier (volume <3 SD) excluded.
‡Additionally adjusted for intracranial volume and four outliers (volume >3 SD) excluded.
APOE4, apolipoprotein E; IQCODE, Informant Questionnaire for Cognitive Decline in the Elderly; MMSE, Mini Mental State Examination; MTHFR, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T single nucleotide polymorphism; TIA, transient ischaemic attack; WMHs, white matter hyperintensities.