(A) AD biomarkers and (B) inflammatory biomarkers in CSF of MCI subjects after 10 days of Posiphen treatment
| Human biomarker | CSF % of time 0 | SE | p Value | Assay | Laboratory |
| (A) AD biomarkers | |||||
| sAPPα | −59.9% | 0.231 | 0.0006 | AlphaLisa | V. John/Buck Institute |
| −34.1% | 0.659 | 0.0661 | MSD | MY Chan/QR Pharma | |
| sAPPβ | −57.7% | 0.361 | 0.0001 | AlphaLisa | V. John/Buck Institute |
| −34.0% | 1.516 | 0.0901 | MSD | MY Chan/QR Pharma | |
| Aβ42 | −45.2% | 1.726 | 0.0995 | AlphaLisa | V. John/Buck Institute |
| −51.4% | 1.119 | 0.0533 | Innogenetics | C. Pan/Inarian | |
| τ (total) | −46.2% | 0.538 | 0.0020 | AlphaLisa | V. John/Buck Institute |
| −74.1% | 0.259 | 0.0150 | Innogenetics | C. Pan/Inarian | |
| τ (Phosphorylated) | −61.0% | 0.195 | 0.0005 | Innogenetics | C. Pan/Inarian |
| (B) Inflammatory biomarkers | |||||
| Complement C3 | −86.9% | 0.139 | 0.0007 | Millipore | C. Pan/Inarian |
| Factor FH | 23.7% | 1.237 | 0.4988 | Millipore | C. Pan/Inarian |
| MCP-1 | −87.5% | 4.813 | 0.0007 | MSD | H. Zetterberg/Univ. Göteborg |
| YKL-40 | −72.7% | 2.2 | 0.0113 | R&D Systems | H. Zetterberg/Univ. Göteborg |
| sCD14 | −26.1% | 1.7 | 0.1159 | R&D Systems | H. Zetterberg/Univ. Göteborg |
Biomarkers were assessed in the same MCI subjects prior to and after Posiphen treatment, matched to the same time of day. ‘CSF % of Time 0’ hence represents the mean difference of each subject matched to the timed sample on day 0 (prior to treatment). Whenever possible, determinations were quantified by at least two independent laboratories using different assays (N=4 MCI subjects, nine time points/subject (0, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 12 h) assayed in duplicate prior to and post Posiphen treatment. The data were evaluated by repeated mixed model analysis, with a significance of p ≤0.05.
AD, Alzheimer's disease; MCI, mild cognitive impairment.