Clinical correlates in 2611 recent-onset Parkinson's disease cases according to the use of statin medication stratified by the presence of future cardiovascular risk and existing cardiovascular disease
| Vascular disease, n=375 | QRISK2 ≥10%, n=1646 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Statin use, n=280 | No statin use, n=95 | Unadjusted p value | Adjusted p value | Statin use, n=450 | No statin use, n=1196 | Unadjusted p value | Adjusted p value |
| Age | 72.5 (7.2) | 72.0 (8.7) | 0.57 | 0.60* | 71.4 (6.6) | 70.0 (6.4) | <0.001 | <0.001* |
| Sex | 221 (78.9%) | 63 (66.3%) | 0.014 | 0.017† | 340 (75.6%) | 840 (70.2%) | 0.033 | 0.004† |
| Disease duration | 1.4 (1.0) | 1.2 (0.8) | 0.071 | 0.078‡ | 1.3 (1.0) | 1.3 (0.9) | 0.76 | 0.60‡ |
| UPDRS 3 | 26.8 (12.3) | 26.5 (12.2) | 0.82 | 0.89§ | 24.9 (11.6) | 23.9 (11.7) | 0.17 | 0.81§ |
| Motor subtype | ||||||||
| TD | 108 (42.0%) | 29 (34.1%) | 230 (54.1%) | 530 (47.7%) | ||||
| PIGD | 116 (45.1%) | 48 (56.5%) | 0.11 | 0.16§ | 144 (33.9%) | 434 (39.1%) | 0.031 | 0.009§ |
| Mixed | 33 (12.8%) | 8 (9.4%) | 0.82 | 0.58§ | 51 (12.0%) | 147 (13.2%) | 0.22 | 0.39§ |
| MoCA | ||||||||
| Total | 24.2 (3.6) | 23.9 (3.3) | 0.48 | 0.23§ | 24.0 (3.8) | 25.1 (3.4) | <0.001 | <0.001§ |
| Normal | 169 (63.3%) | 47 (51.6%) | 0.095 | 0.043§ | 249 (59.6%) | 831 (73.8%) | <0.001 | <0.001§ |
| MCI | 42 (15.7%) | 22 (24.2%) | 75 (17.9%) | 149 (13.2%) | ||||
| Dementia | 56 (21.0%) | 22 (24.2%) | 94 (22.5%) | 146 (13.0%) | ||||
| LEDD | 317 (210) | 304 (176) | 0.57 | 0.57§ | 275 (203) | 294 (206) | 0.11 | 0.025§ |
| Smoking | ||||||||
| Non-smoker | 109 (44.7%) | 49 (56.3%) | 0.12 | 0.20§ | 215 (52.1%) | 611 (55.1%) | 0.31 | 0.41§ |
| Ex-smoker | 127 (52.0%) | 33 (37.9%) | 183 (44.3%) | 457 (41.2%) | ||||
| Current smoker | 8 (3.3%) | 5 (5.7%) | 15 (3.6%) | 40 (3.6%) | ||||
Data are mean (SD) or number (percentage) unless otherwise stated.
*Adjusted for disease duration and sex.
†Adjusted for age and disease duration.
‡Adjusted for age and sex.
§Adjusted for age, sex, disease duration and coffee use.
MCI, mild cognitive impairment; MoCA, Montreal cognitive assessment; PIGD, postural instability gait difficulty; TD, tremor dominant; UPDRS 3, Movement Disorder Society unified Parkinson's disease rating scale part 3.