Observed and expected number of causes of death and SMR for MS patients in Hordaland County and the general Norwegian population with onset during 1953–2012
| Immediate cause of death* | N | Observed, n (%) | Expected, n (%) | SMR | 95% CI | p Value (log rank) | Men, n (%) | Women, n (%) | RRMS, n (%) | PPMS, n (%) |
| 0.0871 | ||||||||||
| MS | 164 | 164 (56.3) | 14.8 (34.1)** | 11.1 | 9.5 to 12.9 | 69 (52.7) | 95 (59.4) | 114 (56.4) | 50 (56.2) | |
| Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases | 43 | 43 (14.8) | 13.1 (30.2) | 3.3 | 2.4 to 4.4 | 23 (17.6) | 20 (12.5) | 25 (12.4) | 18 (20.2) | |
| Cancer | 41 | 41 (14.1) | 7.6 (17.6) | 5.4 | 3.9 to 7.2 | 18 (13.7) | 23 (14.4) | 32 (15.8) | 9 (10.1) | |
| Respiratory and infectious diseases | 11 | 11 (3.8) | 2.4 (5.5) | 4.5 | 2.3 to 7.7 | 8 (6.1) | 3 (1.8) | 8 (4.0) | 3 (3.4) | |
| Accidents and suicide | 13 | 13 (4.4) | 1.4 (3.2) | 9.6 | 5.3 to 15.8 | 5 (3.8) | 8 (5.0) | 10 (4.9) | 3 (3.4) | |
| Other diseases | 19 | 19 (6.5) | 4 (9.2) | 4.8 | 2.9 to 7.2 | 8 (6.1) | 11 (6.9) | 13 (6.4) | 6 (6.7) | |
| Total | 291 | 291 (100) | 43.3 (100) | 131(100) | 160(100) | 202 (100) | 89 (100) |
*International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes: sixth and seventh editions for deaths before 1969;8 hour edition for deaths in 1969–1992; ninth edition for deaths in 1993–1998; 10 hours edition for deaths after 1 January 1999.
**All causes of death.
PPMS, primary progressive multiple sclerosis; RRMS, relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis; SMR, standardised mortality ratio.