Plain (n=161) | Antibiotic-impregnated (n=188) | Silver-bearing (n=146) | p Value | ||||
No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | ||
30-day infection | |||||||
No | 149 | 92.6 | 174 | 92.6 | 126 | 86.3 | 0.09 |
Yes | 12 | 7.5 | 14 | 7.4 | 20 | 13.7 | |
Time to infection (median) | |||||||
8 (1–29) | – | 11 (2–29) | – | 7 (1–39) | – | 0.19 | |
Length of antibiotic therapy for ERI (median) | |||||||
7.5 (1–28) | – | 14 (1–87) | – | 10 (1–37) | – | 0.23 | |
Cultured microorganisms | |||||||
Coagulase-negative staphylococcus (p) | 4 | 36.3 | 2 | 25.0 | 4 | 40.0 | – |
Staphylococcus aureus (p) | 3 | 27.3 | 2 | 25.0 | 1 | 10.0 | – |
Enterococcus spp. (p) | 1 | 9.1 | 2 | 25.0 | – | – | – |
Enterobacter spp. (n) | – | – | 1 | 12.5 | 1 | 10.0 | – |
Klebsiella pneumoniae (n) | 1 | 9.1 | – | – | 1 | 10.0 | – |
Morganella morganii (n) | – | – | – | – | 1 | 10.0 | – |
Escherichia coli (n) | 1 | 9.1 | – | – | – | – | – |
Klebsiella (n) | 1 | 9.1 | – | – | – | – | – |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n) | – | – | – | – | 1 | 10.0 | – |
Corynebacterium (p) | – | – | 1 | 12.5 | – | – | – |
Streptococcus spp. (p) | – | – | – | – | 1 | 10.0 | – |
30-day mortality* | |||||||
No | 100 | 70.4 | 145 | 81.0 | 93 | 71.0 | 0.05 |
Yes | 42 | 29.6 | 34 | 19.0 | 38 | 29.0 | |
30-day mRS* | |||||||
Good (mRS 0–2) | 50 | 35.2 | 79 | 44.1 | 35 | 26.7 | 0.01 |
Poor (mRS 3–5) | 50 | 35.2 | 66 | 36.9 | 58 | 44.3 | |
Death | 42 | 29.6 | 34 | 19.0 | 38 | 29.0 |
*30-day mortality and 30-day mRS based on 452 non-duplicate patients; (p)=gram stain positive; (n)=gram stain negative.
ERI, external ventricular drain-related infection; mRS, modified Rankin Score.